Behavioral and Cardiopulmonary Effects of a Constant Rate Infusion of Remifentanil–Xylazine for Sedation in Horses |
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| Institution: | 1. Servicio de anestesiología y cirugía, Centro de Rehabilitación y Hospital Equino Kawell, Solís, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Instituto de Investigación, Escuela de Veterinaria, Universidad del Salvador, Pilar, Buenos, Aires, Argentina;1. School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia;2. South Australian Research and Development Institute, Turretfield Research Centre, Rosedale, South Australia, Australia;1. Racehorse Hospital, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ibaraki, Japan;2. Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan;3. Racehorse Hospital, Ritto Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Shiga, Japan;4. Equine Department, Japan Racing Association, Tokyo, Japan;1. College of Health Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia;2. Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates;3. Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;4. Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador-BA, Brazil;2. Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (ESCMEV), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador-BA, Brazil;3. Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife-PE, Brazil;4. Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Xylazine and remifentanil in constant rate infusion (CRI) could be used for sedation in horses without adverse effects. The objective was to evaluate behavioral and cardiopulmonary effects of an intravenous (IV) infusion of xylazine and remifentanil for sedation in horses. Xylazine (0.8 mg/kg IV) followed after 3 minutes by a CRI of xylazine and remifentanil (0.65 mg/kg/h and 6 μg/kg/h, respectively) was administered in 10 healthy horses for 60 minutes. Sedation, ataxia, and cardiopulmonary, hematological, and blood gases variables were evaluated. Heart rate decreased significantly during the first 25 minutes after CRI of xylazine and remifentanil, whereas the respiratory rate showed a significant decrease at 20 minutes and remained significantly low until the endpoint. There were no statistically significant fluctuations in blood arterial pressure, blood pH, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide, lactate, creatinine, calcium, chlorine, and sodium, compared with baseline values. Blood partial pressure of arterial oxygen and bicarbonate values were significantly higher compared with baseline values, whereas potassium decreased. Sedation and ataxia developed immediately after the administration of xylazine in all horses. All horses recovered successfully within 10 minutes after interruption of the CRI of xylazine and remifentanil, with no ataxia. No adverse effects were observed. The use of a combination of xylazine and remifentanil as sedation protocol has no adverse effects at the described dosage. |
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| Keywords: | Equine Remifentanil Standing equine surgery Opioids Standing sedation |
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