Correlational Characteristics of Hoof Conformation and Midstance Kinetics at Walk |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA;2. Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA;1. Thünen Institute of Agricultural Technology, Braunschweig, Germany;2. Division Process Engineering, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany;1. Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, Messina, Italy;2. Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images, Specializing in Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy;1. Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium;2. Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium;1. Department of Human Body Modelling and Monitoring, New Technologies Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic;2. European Centre of Excellence NTIS, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic;3. Department for Pathobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria;1. Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy;2. Independent Researcher in Agricultural Economy, Asti, Italy;3. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Variations in hoof conformation may alter stress distribution, thus predisposing horses to pathologies and lameness; however, experimental studies are scarce. Our objective was to investigate the correlation between midstance hoof kinetics at the walk and hoof conformation in horses. Nine clinically sound, unshod horses were walked over a pressure plate, and force (F), contact area (CA), contact pressure (CP), and peak contact pressure (PCP) were recorded at the dorsal, palmar, medial, and lateral regions, as well as for the whole hoof. By using digital radiography and digital pictures, 55 variables of internal and external hoof shape and dimensions of the hoof were measured. Correlations between kinetic and anatomical measurements were investigated using Pearson correlation coefficient. P-values ≤ 0.05 and r values ≥ 0.5 were considered. Several anatomical variables showed correlations with biomechanical variables. Toe angle was negatively correlated with CA (r = –0.72). Several heel height measurements were negatively correlated with dorsal F (–0.59 ≤ r ≤ –0.50), suggesting a trend. Measurements of the dorsal hoof wall thickness and length/width of the distal phalanx showed correlations with F and CP (0.5 ≤ r ≤ 0.71). Our study was focused on midstance biomechanics and at the walk; further investigation on other gaits and parts of the stance phases is warranted. Patterns of correlations between internal structural arrangement and hoof kinetic parameters encourage more research and should be considered by veterinarian and farriers for routine and therapeutic trimming/shoeing. |
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| Keywords: | Horse Hoof Conformation Kinetics Biomechanics |
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