Training Program Intensity Induces an Acute Phase Response in Clinically Healthy Horses |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, Messina, Italy;2. Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images, Specializing in Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy;1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA;2. Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA;1. Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium;2. Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium;1. Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Technology, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX;2. Texas A&M Agrilife Research, Stephenville, TX;1. Thünen Institute of Agricultural Technology, Braunschweig, Germany;2. Division Process Engineering, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany;1. Discipline of Exercise and Sports Sciences, RMIT University, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;2. Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Physiological and hematochemical changes associated with exercise have been extensively investigated in equine species. It is known that stress elevates circulating levels of acute phase proteins (APPs). This survey evaluated whether horses trained with different training programs exhibit changes in APP levels after exercise event. Twenty Saddle Italian horses (11 geldings and 9 females, 9 ± 1 years old, body weight of 425 ± 35 kg) were divided into two equal groups according to the intensity of training programs they were subjected: group A was subjected to an intense training program, group B was subjected to a moderate training program. At the end of the training period, horses were subjected to a simulated exercise event (show jumping course of 400 m length with 12 obstacles). From horses, blood samples were collected at rest conditions (TREST) and after 12 and 24 hour from the end of exercise (T12 h and T24 h); the concentration of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, albumin, total proteins, iron, and fibrinogen was assessed. The circulating levels of SAA, fibrinogen, and iron were influenced by simulated exercise event (P < .01), starting from 12 hour after the end of exercise, suggesting the onset of an acute phase–like response, and it would seem that training program intensity the horses underwent also affected the degree of response, although only SAA values were significantly different between groups (P < .001). The findings obtained suggest that jumping exercise induces an acute phase response; however, further studies are advocated to better evaluate mechanisms by which exercise activates this response in the athletic horse. |
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| Keywords: | Acute phase proteins Acute phase response Exercise Horses Training |
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