Impact of late-season N fertilisation strategies on the gluten content and composition of high protein wheat grown under humid Mediterranean conditions |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Biometeorology (IBIMET—CNR), Via G.Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy;2. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 Udine, Italy;3. Barilla G. e R. F.lli S.p.A., Via Mantova 245, 43122 Parma, Italy;4. Climate and Food Security, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark;5. E. Mach Foundation—Iasma, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all’Adige (Tn), Italy;6. Climate and Agriculture, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4T, UK;1. INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, CP 70000, Uruguay;2. University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Breeding, PO Box 101, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden;1. Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute, 26002, Eskişehir, Turkey;2. Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering, Eskisehir, Turkey;1. University of Liège, Arlon Campus Environnement, 185 Avenue de Longwy, Arlon B-6700, Belgium;2. International Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia;3. Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg;4. USDA-ARS-SEFTNRL, 21 Dunbar Road, Byron, GA 31008, USA;1. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;2. Jiyang College of Zhejiang A & F University, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China;3. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;4. Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China |
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| Abstract: | The rise in high protein common wheat in humid Mediterranean areas has determined a need to compare specific and effective nitrogen (N) fertilisation protocols in order to increase their end-use value. The aim of the work was to assess the impact of late-season N fertilisation strategies on grain yield and protein content (GPC), gluten fraction composition, and rheological traits. Different applications and types of fertiliser (soil applied ammonium nitrate, soil applied urea, foliar applied urea and a foliar applied commercial fertiliser) were distributed at the same rate (30 kg N ha−1) in a field experiment in NW Italy, during three growing seasons. A control without any late-season N fertilisation was also considered. All the treatments received 130 kg N ha−1 as ammonium nitrate (AN), which was split between tillering and the beginning of the stem elongation growth stages.None of the compared late-season N fertilisations significantly affected canopy greenness and stay green duration during the grain filling period, or the grain yield, test weight, and thousand kernel weight, although the foliar application significantly increased foliage burning (+9.8%). The late application of N consistently increased GPC (+1.1%) and dough strength (W, +21%) in the different growing seasons. The type of fertilisation strategies clearly affected the gluten content and rheological parameters: AN was more effective than urea as a soil top-dressed applied fertiliser in increasing W (+10%), as a result of a higher rise in the GPC content (+0.5%) and extensibility (L, +11%). The foliar application at anthesis, at the same N rate, led to a comparable GPC and W with those of the soil top-dressed granular fertiliser. Only a weak effect of granular urea on y/x type HMW was observed for the gluten composition. Conversely, a notable influence of year was observed (i.e. GS/Glia and y/x type HMW), which in turn resulted in a significant impact on W and P and on the aggregation time and aggregation energy.This study offers a further contribution to the improvement of specific N fertilisation strategies in order to enhance the wheat quality according to its end-use value. |
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| Keywords: | Improver wheat Foliar N fertilisation Gluten proteins Flour quality |
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