Contribution of Reproduction Management and Technologies to Genetic Progress in Horse Breeding |
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| Institution: | 1. Académie d’Agriculture de France, Paris, France;2. Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France;3. Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France;1. Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17p, 30559, Hannover, Germany;2. Unit of Reproductive Medicine–Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 15, 30559, Hannover, Germany;3. Lower Saxony State Stud Celle, Spörckenstraße 10, 29221, Celle, Germany;1. Comparative Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA;2. Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX;1. Departamento Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Alfara del Patriarca, Spain;2. Kallelan Oriasema, Kalanti, Finland;3. Hevoskylän klinikka, Orimattila, Finland;4. Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarentaus, Finland;1. Laboratorio de Reproducción Equina Prof. Robert M. Kenney, Doña Pilar Embriones, Lincoln (B), Argentina;2. Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA;1. Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (Foundation), Hannover, Germany;2. Unit of Reproductive Medicine—Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (Foundation), Hannover, Germany;3. Lower Saxon National Stud Celle, Celle, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Reproductive technologies aim at improving fertility with the ultimate result of improving genetic selection. In equidae, the respective contribution of different methods of horse management and breeding to genetic progress remain difficult to evaluate as breeding strategies affect the number of offspring per mare or stallion whereas different selection methods (based on pedigree, performance, genomics or progeny’s performance) will be applicable at different ages, leading to different accuracy in the estimation of the breeding value. Here, a mathematical model was applied to evaluate theoretical genetic progress depending on breeding conditions in horses. The model showed that for breeding systems ranging from 0.6 to 2 foals/year/mare and from 10 to 150 foals/year for stallions, when selection of the best animals is strictly made by a truncation, the genetic progress is accelerated by (1) increasing the number of offspring per year, (2) the start of reproduction as soon as the age of 2 in both sexes, and (3) reducing the number of years of use for stallions from 10 to 5 years. The calculation showed that using all ways of improvement could provide an increase in genetic progress of up to +270% and +226% in mares and stallions, respectively, above the basal reference situation of 100%. In the Selle Français breed, the observed reproductive management parameters (10 years generation interval, 10 foals/stallion and 0.55 foals/mare) are close to the worst conditions of the model. In addition, the best mares are not selected for breeding. In conclusion, new reproductive technologies, genomic selection, and breeding younger animals will increase genetic gain. |
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| Keywords: | Equine Selection Genetics Reproduction Show-jumping |
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