Reference Values and Repeatability of Transabdominal Ultrasonographic Gastrointestinal Tract Thickness and Motility in Healthy Donkeys (Equus asinus) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt;2. Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt;3. Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt;1. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt;2. Faculty of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK;3. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt;4. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt;1. Neuroradiology Service, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland;2. Clinique Vétérinaire de la côte fleurie, Deauville, France;3. Neurology Service, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland;4. Haras de la haie neuve, Mondevert, France;5. Clinique Equine de la Boisrie, Chailloué, France |
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| Abstract: | The present study aimed to provide reference ranges for the wall thickness and motility pattern of the gastrointestinal tract from a sample of donkeys (Equus asinus) population using B-mode ultrasonography. In the present study, 30 clinically healthy donkeys (Equus asinus) (15 males and 15 females), aged 2–20 year old and weighed 100–280 kg were randomly selected for B-mode ultrasonographic scanning of the abdomen. The wall thickness of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, left colon, right colon, and cecum was assessed. Moreover, the motility pattern of the duodenum, jejunum, left colon, right colon, and cecum was evaluated over a period of 3 minutes. Abdominal ultrasonographic scanning of the gastrointestinal tract of healthy donkeys explored that the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, left colon, right colon, and cecum could be visualized easily. The wall thickness of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, left colon, right colon, and cecum was 7.0 ± 0.9 mm, 3.3 ± 1.0 mm, 5.4 ± 0.6 mm, 5.1 ± 0.5 mm, 5.4 ± 0.5 mm, and 5.4 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. The thickest part of the gastrointestinal tract is the stomach, whereas the thinnest part is the duodenum. The motility pattern of the duodenum, jejunum, left colon, right colon, and cecum was 7.7 ± 1.3 contractions/3 minutes, 6.9 ± 1.1 contractions/3 minutes, 4.1 ± 1.2 contractions/3 minutes, 5.5 ± 1.3 contractions/3 minutes, and 4.0 ± 0.8 contractions/3 minutes, respectively. Both the duodenum and jejunum contractions were significantly higher than that of the left colon, right colon, and cecum. This is the first study reporting the reference values for both the wall thickness and motility pattern of the gastrointestinal tract in healthy donkeys (Equus asinus) in Egypt. Good knowledge of these standard and reference values of the wall thickness and motility pattern of gastrointestinal tract structures represents a step in the early diagnosis of the gastrointestinal disorders, including colic in such animal species. |
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| Keywords: | Abdominal ultrasonography Gastrointestinal tract Wall thickness Motility pattern |
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