黄牛Y染色体分子遗传多样性研究进展

Y染色体分子遗传多样性是追溯动物起源、驯化历史和迁徙路线的重要工具,也可以用来反映动物的父系遗传多样性及用于研究群体间父系介导的杂交情况。Y染色体单倍型多样性可以分别通过Y染色体单核苷酸多态性(Y-SNP)和Y染色体微卫星多态性(Y-STR)或这二者结合起来构建精确的Y染色体单倍型。黄牛有3种父系起源(普通牛Y1、Y2和瘤牛Y3单倍型组),可以通过Y-SNP来区分,通过-STR标记可以区分Y1、Y2和Y3所具有的丰富的精细单倍型。本文汇集了包括中国在内的国内外黄牛Y染色体遗传多样性与起源进化的研究进展。

Progress on Molecular Genetic Diversity of Cattle Y Chromosome

Y chromosome molecular genetic diversity is an important tool for tracing animal origin, do- mestication history and migrating routines and it can also be used to analyze the paternal genetic diversity of a certain population or investigate the male-mediated introgression between populations. Y chromosome haplotype diversity can be revealed by Y chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism （Y-SNP） and Y chromosome mierosatellite （Y-STR） respectively or by combination of these two kinds of markers together to obtain more specific Y chromosome haplotypes. Cattle have three paternal origins （Y1 ,Y2 in Bos taurus and Y3 in Bos indicus） which can be distinguished by Y-SNP markers, while the abundant specific haplo- types in Y1,Y2 and Y3 haplogroup respectively can be further identified by using Y-STR markers. This paper reviewed the research progress on cattle Y chromosome diversity and paternal origins in China and other foreign countries.