影响油菜高产的栽培因子研究

[目的]找出能通过充分发挥单株优势,提高油菜产量和质量,同时节省劳力、节约成本,适合大面积种植的栽培方式。[方法]对油菜品种"HRS-1"的播期、密度、施肥(N)做三因素二次回归正交旋转组合试验。[结果]播种期(X1)、密度(X2)和施肥(X3)对小区产量(Y)的数学模型为:Y=1443.45-578.25X1+642.87X2+174.94X3-588.42X1X2-195.47X1X3+106.41X2X3+556.36X12+99.61X22+302.36X32。3因素对产量的影响程度为:密度>播期>施肥。两因素互作效应分析表明:早播油菜的产量随密度的增加而增加,晚播油菜的产量随密度的增加而减少;早播油菜产量随施肥量的增加而增加,晚播油菜产量随施肥量的增加而减少。8月29至9月2日期间播种,密度为26130-31230株/hm2,施肥(纯N)为283.8-348.5kg/hm2时,平均产量可达3750kg/hm2。[结论]该研究为提高油菜产量提供了一定的试验基础。

Study on the Cultivation Factors Influencing the High Yield of Rape

[Objective]The study aimed to find the cultivation mode, which could enhance the yield and quality of rape and save labour and cost through thoroughly exerting individual advantage and was suitable for large-area planting. [Method]The quadric orthogonal regression rotation combination experiment with 3 factors on the sowing date, density and fertilization (N) of rape variety "HRS-1" was conducted. [Result]The mathematical model between sowing date (X1), density (X2), fertilization (X3) and plot yield (Y) was Y=1 443.45-578.25 X1 642.87 X2 174.94 X3-588.42 X1X2-195.47 X1X3 106.41 X2X3 556.36 X12 99.61 X22 302.36 X32. The influencing degrees of the 3 factors on yield were density > sowing date > fertilization. The analyses on the interactions between 2 factors showed that as the density increased, the yield of early sowed rape increased and that of late sowed rape decreased; as the fertilization amount increased, the yield of early sowed rape increased and that of late sowed rape decreased. When the rape was sowed in Aug. 29th-Sep. 2nd, its density was 26 130~31 230 plants/hm2 and the fertilization amount (pure N) was 283.8-348.5 kg/hm2, its average yield could reach 3 750 kg/hm2. [Conclusion]The study provided some experimental foundation for enhancing rape yield.