极端干旱区成龄葡萄园蒸散研究

利用波文比能量平衡法对新疆吐哈盆地葡萄园的蒸散变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,葡萄园水热平衡各分量的日变化呈典型的单峰曲线,潜热、感热和土壤热通量都随净辐射的增减而增减,但峰值出现的时间和大小各异,潜热通量占净辐射能量支出的大部分,其变化规律与净辐射的日变化规律一致性最好,土壤热通量变化很平缓,趋势与净辐射基本相同,但滞后净辐射2～3h。在晴朗无云的条件下,葡萄蒸散速率日变化呈单峰型。蒸散从早晨8:00以后出现,迅速增加,到中午13:00-15:00达到峰值,随后蒸散速率迅速下降;葡萄生长期内耗水强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,果粒膨大期耗水强度最大为8.78mm/d,葡萄整个生长期内的日均蒸发蒸腾量为5.58mm,蒸发蒸腾总量为1 228.45mm。

Research on Evapotranspiration of Grown-up Grapes in Extremely Arid Areas

Research is done on grapes evapotranspiration variation rules in the vineyards in Xinjiang Turpan Basin by means of Bowen ratio-energy balance.The results show that daily change of each variable of the water-heat balance is in the shape of the single-peak curve;that latent heat flux,sensible heat flux and soil heat flux are in positive correlation with the net radiation but the peak values appear at different times and in different sizes;that latent heat flux takes up the majority of the spending of the net radiation with variation rules in accordance with the daily net radiation change;that the variation of soil heat flux is in a gentle way and its trend is roughly the same with the net radiation but lagged behind the net radiation about 2～3 hours;that in fine days,the daily evapotranspiration rate is in the shape of the single-peak curve;that evapotranspiration starts after 8 in the morning with a rapid increase,reaches the peak value during 13:00-15:00 at noon and decreases rapidly after that;that the water consumption increases first and decreases then;that the biggest value of water consumption of fruit expanding stage is 8.78 mm/d;that daily evapotranspiration during the whole growth period is 5.58 mm and the total evapotranspiration is 1 228.45 mm.