典型天然与人工湖泊形态特征比较分析

湖泊形态特征的研究对于合理开发利用湖泊资源和湖泊生态系统健康管理与保护具有重要意义。为此,选择湖泊岸线发育系数、周长面积比以及分形维数为指标,将世界上典型天然湖泊和人工湖泊进行形态特征的对比分析,研究结果表明:①世界天然湖泊岸线发育系数的90%处于1.0～3.0,相对较集中,人工湖泊岸线发育系数符合正态分布,90%的岸线发育系数在1.6～4.2。②天然湖泊的周长与面积比值明显呈偏态分布,有85%的比值分布在0.1～1,天然湖泊的这一比值普遍偏小。人工湖泊周长与面积比呈近似正态分布,比值在0.4～3.5的占到全部总数的86%左右。③计算天然与人工湖泊的分形维数分别为D天然=1.044 8,D人工=1.211。天然与人工湖泊的岸线周长对数与湖泊面积对数存在着显著的线性回归的关系,岸线具有自相似性。天然和人工湖泊形态特征具有各自的规律性。

A Comparative Analysis of Morphological Characteristics of Typical Natural and Artificial Lakes

Research on lakes’ morphological characteristics has an important significance for the utilization of lake resources and lakes ecosystem health management and protection.For this,based on shoreline development index,ratio of perimeter and area and the fractal dimension,this paper makes a comparative analysis of the world typical natural lakes and artificial lakes on morphological characteristics,the results of the study show that:① The shoreline development index of 90% of the world natural lakes is between 1.0 and 3.0,relatively concentrated,and the artificial lakes meet normal distribution,90% between 1.6 and 4.2.②The ratio of perimeter and area of natural lakes meet partial distribution obviously,with 85% of the ratio between 0.1 and 1,the ratio of natural lakes is generally small.Artificial lakes meet normal distribution,86% of the total number between 0.4 and 3.5.③The fractal dimension of natural lakes is 1.0448 and artificial is 1.211.Logarithm of the perimeter and area natural and artificial lakes has a significant linear regression;the shoreline has self-similarity.Morphological characteristics of natural and artificial lakes have their own regularity.