Carnation Fusarium wilt suppression in four composts |
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Authors: | Celia Borrero Isabel Trillas Manuel Avilés |
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Institution: | (1) Dept. Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola, Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra Utrera km 1, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain;(2) Dept. Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Avda Diagonal, 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain |
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Abstract: | Fusarium wilt is now a major disease of carnation crops worldwide. Methyl bromide, which is used to remedy it, is environmentally
unsafe. An alternative approach integrated into biological control is to grow crops in suppressive media. Suppressiveness
of seven plant growth media to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi was evaluated in bioassays with carnation (Dianthus cariophyllus) cv. Medea. These media were: (1) grape marc compost, (2) cork compost, (3) olive oil husk + cotton gin trash composted and
mixed with rice husk, (4) spent mushroom compost mixed with peat, (5) coir fibre, (6) light peat and (7) vermiculite. In order
to look for carnation Fusarium wilt suppressiveness indicators, growth medium pH and β-glucosidase activity were evaluated.
Furthermore, F. oxysporum populations were measured in plant growth media at the beginning and end of bioassays. The compost media showed a range of
suppressiveness in comparison with peat. Grape marc compost was the most effective plant growth medium in suppressing carnation
Fusarium wilt. On the other hand coir fibre, peat and vermiculite were conducive for this disease. β-glucosidase activity
and pH were positively correlated with disease severity as in other reports for tomato. Therefore, these two parameters are
good indicators for carnation Fusarium wilt suppressiveness, and possibly for other F. oxysporum pathosystems. All composts showed similar F. oxysporum populations at the end of the bioassays to peat and vermiculite. |
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Keywords: | Biological control Compost Dianthus cariophyllus Fusarium oxysporum f sp dianthi Soilless |
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