日常景观的价值及其评估方法*

为了加强城乡地区以居民为主导的景观规划与管理,在系统梳理相关概念的基础上,认为日常景观是超越视觉审美的、具有地方情感的物质与非物质日常生活环境,强调日常景观具有为人们提供社会需求、化解身份危机和修复个人情感的价值意义。此外,介绍及讨论了“视觉-经验”法和“步行-拍照”法两种针对日常景观价值的评估方法,前者采用照片和问卷访谈的静态方式来快速收集人们主观的景观感知信息,但是未能充分调查研究对象感知景观的复杂性和动态性;后者在前者基础上增加研究对象的步行行为,使人们在行走时唤起切身的空间经历与记忆,有助于进一步提取个人和地方的感知要素。

The Value of Everyday Landscapes and Appraisal Methods

In order to strengthen resident-led landscape planning and management in urban and rural areas, on the basis of a systematic review of relevant concepts, it is argued that everyday landscapes refer to the material and immaterial daily life environments that transcend visual aesthetics and have local emotions, and it is emphasized that everyday landscapes have the value and significance of providing people with social needs, resolving identity crises, and repairing personal emotions. In addition, two methods of assessing the value of everyday landscapes, the "visual-experiential" method and the "walking-photography" method, are introduced and discussed. The former adopts the static method of photographs and questionnaire interviews to collect people''s subjective landscape perception information quickly. However, it fails to fully investigate the complexity and dynamics of the landscape as perceived by the research participants. The latter adds the walking behaviour of the research subjects based on the former. It enables people to evoke tangible spatial experiences and memories while walking, which helps to extract personal and local perceptual elements further.