固体栽培基质研究、开发现状及发展趋势

ttttt目的ttttt近年来，高端高效高质的农业生产对无土栽培基质的需求日趋增多，而草炭作为其主要原料因不可再生性来源日趋减少。因此，针对本土资源，研究新型基质合成材料全部或部分替代传统材料及配方技术，开发新型基质具有重要现实意义。ttttttttttttt方法ttttt选择甘蔗渣、中药渣、褐煤以及传统原料草炭和珍珠岩，采用混料均匀设计，开展白菜育苗、栽培试验，通过调查统计发芽率、农艺性状、产量和产投比并进行二阶回归模拟，优选最佳育苗、栽培基质配方。ttttttttttttt结果ttttt不同配方对白菜的育苗发芽率、栽培农艺性状、产量、产投比具有显著影响，不同应用及目的回归模拟的最佳基质配方分别为：(1)以成苗率为目标的育苗最佳基质配方为φ(甘蔗渣):φ(中药渣):φ(褐煤):φ(草炭):φ(珍珠岩)=1.27%:26.76%:13.49%:4.14%:54.33%；(2)以产量为目标的栽培最佳配方为φ(甘蔗渣):φ(中药渣):φ(褐煤):φ(草炭):φ(珍珠岩)=52.71%:1.39%:1.66%:42.26%:1.98%；(3)综合各种原料成本及产量的最优栽培基质配方为φ(甘蔗渣):φ(中药渣):φ(褐煤):φ(草炭):φ(珍珠岩)=7.18%:1.39%:66.03%:21.60%:3.80%。tttttttttttttttttt结论ttttt(1)采用混料均匀设计方法，可以高效、准确地从多种原料中筛选最优配方；(2)利用甘蔗渣或褐煤替代部分草炭基质后，可以达到增加产出、节约成本和保护资源的目的。tttt

Physico-chemical and chemical properties of some coconut coir dusts for use as a peat substitute for containerized ornamental plants

tttttPurposetttttIn recent years, the demand for high-quality agricultural products has been increasing, and the soilless substrate production has been expanding in agricultural field with the deepening awareness of food safety. Peat has been widely used all over the world in recent decades as the main material of the traditional substrate, but the peat source is decreasing and even exhausted because of its non-renewable, high priced, and environmental protection requirements. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the new matrix synthetic materials in whole or in part to replace the peat substrate, and to develop new soilless culture substrates.tttttttttttttMethodtttttWe selected several organic materials including bagasse, medicinal herb residue and lignite. The above three materials were mixed together with perlite and peat by different proportion, and then made into ten mixture substrates by using the method of uniform mixture design. The ten mixture substrates were carried out on cabbage breeding and cultivation experiment. In this study, the germination rate, seedling rate, fresh weight, yield and value to cost ratio (VCR) were measured, and the data was simulated with the proportion of materials by regression model.tttttttttttttResulttttttDifferent mixture substrates had significant effects on the germination rate, seedling rate, agronomic traits, yield and VCR (P<0.05). The most optimal formulations of seedling rate, yield, and VCR wereφ(bagasse):φ(medicinal herb residue):φ(lignite):φ(peat):φ(perlite)=1.27%:26.76%:13.49%:4.14%:54.33%; 52.71%:1.39%:1.66%: 42.26%:1.98%;7.18%:1.39%:66.03%:21.60%:3.80%, respectively.ttttttttttttttttttConclusionttttt(1) The uniform mixture Design method can be used to select the optimal formula from a variety of raw materials with high efficiency and accuracy. (2) Reduced cost and increased output was achieved by replacing peat partly from bagasse or lignite.tttt