钙锌钾共存对赤红壤镉吸附的影响

农田土壤镉污染是全球重大环境问题之一。钝化修复具有经济实用、操作简便、效果显著等优势，广泛用于农田镉污染的治理与修复。近年来，人们在农田土壤镉污染钝化修复材料、作用机理及应用效果等方面，取得了许多进展。本文首先介绍了有机、无机和复合三类钝化修复材料；阐述了钝化修复材料通过改变土壤pH、生成沉淀、吸附与离子交换、有机配位络合、离子竞争等作用，降低土壤有效态镉离子浓度和生物有效性，钝化修复农田土壤镉污染的化学机理；进而总结了室内与大田条件下，不同类型材料钝化修复农田土壤镉污染的应用效果。最后对农田土壤镉污染钝化修复的持续性与稳定性、钝化修复机理、修复材料创新、钝化—植物联合修复等方面进行了展望。

Review: the behaviour and environmental impact of contaminants in fertilizers

The farmland soil cadmium pollution is one of the major environmental problems in the world. Due to the advantages of being economical and practical, easy to operate and effective, the immobilization remediation was used widely in the control and remediation of the farmland soil cadmium pollution. There were many advances on the remediation materials, mechanisms and application effects in the recent years. In the present article, the organic, inorganic and composite materials for immobilization remediation were introduced firstly. The chemical mechanisms for the reduce of available cadmium concentration and bioavailability of in soils induced the immobilization remediation materials were expounded on the change of soil pH value, formation of deposition, adsorption and ion exchange, formation of organic complex, and ion competition, respectively. Then, the application effects of different types of immobilization materials on farmland soil cadmium pollution remediation were summarized under indoor and field conditions. Finally, the prospects were discussed on the persistence and stability of immobilization remediation, immobilization mechanisms, remediation materials innovation, and combination of immobilization with phytoremediation on farmland soil cadmium pollution.