不同用量发酵玉米秸秆-油菜籽饼肥对烤烟生长发育及内在品质的影响

发酵饼肥能显著提高和改善烟草内在品质特征,增加烟草产量,然而目前对发酵玉米秸秆-油菜籽饼肥的肥效特征尚不清楚。为探究不同用量发酵玉米秸秆-油菜籽饼肥对烟草的影响,本研究以K326为实验对象,通过田间小区实验,研究了不同用量发酵玉米秸秆-油菜籽饼肥处理后烟草的生长发育情况及其物理特征、化学物质含量和感官评价结果。研究结果表明：施用发酵玉米秸秆-油菜籽饼肥能显著促进K326的生长发育,其株高、节距、叶片数及叶宽均显著增加,烟株生长情况综合特征与CK存在显著差异；施用饼肥的各部位烤后烟叶的含梗率显著降低,X2F和B2F的化学成分协调性得到改善,其糖碱比接近适宜值,而C3F的协调性受到一定的负面影响,其烟碱和糖类物质含量均呈增加趋势、糖碱比高于适宜值；此外施用饼肥还能显著改善烤后烟叶感官质量,且存在显著的剂量效应,随着施用剂量的增加,X2F和B2F的烟叶质量进一步提升,而C3F的烟叶质量进一步被削弱。综上,施用发酵玉米秸秆-油菜籽饼肥能显著促进烟株生长并改善下部叶和上部叶内在品质。

Effects of Different Dosages of Fermented Corn Stalk-Rapeseed Cake Fertilizer on the Growth, Development, and Intrinsic Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco

The application of fermented cake fertilizer can significantly enhance and improve the intrinsic quality characteristics of tobacco, increase tobacco yield. However, the fertilization characteristics of fermented corn stalk-rapeseed cake fertilizer are not yet clear. To explore the effects of different dosages of fermented corn stalk-rapeseed cake fertilizer on tobacco, this study took K326 as the experimental subject and conducted field plot experiments to investigate the growth and development of tobacco, as well as its physical characteristics, chemical substance content, and sensory evaluation results after treatment with different dosages of fermented corn stalk-rapeseed cake fertilizer. The results showed that the application of fermented corn stalk-rapeseed cake fertilizer significantly promoted the growth and development of K326. The plant height, internode distance, leaf number, and leaf width all significantly increased, and the comprehensive growth characteristics of tobacco plants differed significantly from those of the control (CK). The stalk ratio of the roasted tobacco leaves from different parts treated with cake fertilizer significantly decreased. The chemical composition coordination of X2F and B2F was improved, with their sugar-alkaloid ratio approaching the appropriate value, while the coordination of C3F was negatively affected to some extent, with an increasing trend in nicotine and sugar content and a sugar-alkaloid ratio higher than the appropriate value. Additionally, the application of cake fertilizer significantly improved the sensory quality of roasted tobacco leaves, with a significant dose effect. As the dosage increased, the leaf quality of X2F and B2F further improved, while the leaf quality of C3F was further weakened. In summary, the application of fermented corn stalk-rapeseed cake fertilizer can significantly promote the growth of tobacco plants and improve the intrinsic quality of lower and upper leaves.