Evidence that elevated water temperature affects the reproductive physiology of the European bullhead Cottus gobio |
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Authors: | Jennifer Dorts Ga?l Grenouillet Jessica Douxfils Syaghalirwa N M Mandiki Sylvain Milla Frédéric Silvestre Patrick Kestemont |
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Institution: | (1) Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), The University of Namur (FUNDP), Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium;(2) Labo. Evolution et Diversit? Biologique, Universit? Paul Sabatier, B?timent 4R3, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France |
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Abstract: | Climate change is predicted to increase the average water temperature and alter the ecology and physiology of several organisms
including fish species. To examine the effects of increased water temperature on freshwater fish reproduction, adult European
bullhead Cottus gobio of both genders were maintained under three temperature regimes (T1: 6–10, T2: 10–14 and T3: 14–18°C) and assessed for gonad
development (gonadosomatic index—GSI and gonad histology), sex steroids (testosterone—T, 17β-estradiol—E2 and 11-ketotestosterone—11-KT)
and vitellogenin (alkali-labile phosphoprotein phosphorus—ALP) dynamics in December, January, February and March. The results
indicate that a 8°C rise in water temperature (T3) deeply disrupted the gonadal maturation in both genders. This observation
was associated with the absence of GSI peak from January to March, and low levels of plasma sex steroids compared with T1-exposed
fish. Nevertheless, exposure to an increasing temperature of 4°C (T2) appeared to accelerate oogenesis with an early peak
value in GSI and level of plasma T recorded in January relative to T1-exposed females. In males, the low GSI, reduced level
of plasma 11-KT and the absence of GSI increase from January to March support the deleterious effects of increasing water
temperature on spermatogenesis. The findings of the present study suggest that exposure to elevated temperatures within the
context of climate warming might affect the reproductive success of C. gobio. Specifically, a 4°C rise in water temperature affects gametogenesis by advancing the spawning, and a complete reproductive
failure is observed at an elevated temperature of 8°C. |
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