Effect of tillage,cropping, and mulching pattern on crop yield,soil C and N accumulation,and carbon footprint in a desert oasis farmland

The desert oasis is one of the major grain production areas in arid land, and many intensive farming practices have been adopted to improve the land utilization in the agriculture system. However, there remains little consensus on how to improve such farming practices for increasing both productivity and environment benefits in this system. A 4-year experiment was conducted in a typical desert oasis farmland to determine the effects of the farming practices on crop yield, soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) accumulation, and carbon footprint (CF). The farming practices included two tillage patterns: conventional (CT) and reduced tillage (RT), two cropping patterns: continuous (Con) and rotation cropping (Rot), and two mulching pattern: film (F) and straw mulching (S) with eight combined treatments. The RT did not significant decrease crop yield but increase soil C and N accumulation rate by 59% and 130%, and thus decrease CF for crop production compared with the CT. S can also improve soil C and N accumulation, and cause low CF for crop production, but leading to 14–41% decrease in maize yield compared with F. Rot result in a 14% increase on maize yield also has extra benefit to decrease CF for crop production, but no significant effect on soil C and N accumulation compared with Con. Our study adds a reasonable perspective on how to improve the conventional farming systems in desert oasis, the information about RT, straw mulching, and maize–soybean rotation have positive effect on improving soil quality and decreasing CF for crop production in this desert soil area is critical to develop the sustainable agriculture system in this desert oasis farmland, which both maintaining crop productivity and minimizing negative environmental impacts.