土壤质量评价与地力提升技术研究--以山东黄淮海平原为例

以全国土地污染防治项目取得地球化学资料为依据，通过分析研究山东省黄淮海平原区土壤化学元素特征，结果表明：土壤中一级营养元素有机质、氮、磷相对缺乏，钾含量富足；二级营养元素氧化钙、氧化镁相对缺乏，硫含量富足；其他有益微量元素氧化铁、锰、钼和硼均相对缺乏，氯含量丰富，基本不太缺。土壤地力提升的主要障碍因素是土壤盐渍化和土壤重金属污染。根据土壤综合肥力评价结果：研究区土壤绝大多数属低肥力-较低肥力区，其中低肥力区和较低肥力区面积分别为为61604.0和1244 km2，分别占总面积的97.43%和1.97%；中等肥力土壤面积约172 km2，占总面积的0.27%；较高肥力面积约128 km2；高肥力区面积仅76 km2。结合基础调查成果，提出了通过科学施肥、土壤障碍消除和重金属污染修复等地力提升措施，增强土壤肥力，变中、低产田为中、高产田；兴利除害，抑制土壤重金属元素的活性，降低风险，为高效优质农业的规划与发展提供技术支撑。

Soil Quality Evaluation and Technology Research on Improving Land Capability---A Case Study on Huanghuaihai Plain in Shandong Province

Based on the geochemical data obtained from the national project about the prevention and control of soil contamination, this paper explored the properties of soil chemical elements in Huanghuaihai Plain, Shandong Province. The results showed that among the grade-one nutritive elements in soil, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus were relatively deficient while potassium was rich. Meanwhile, as the grade-two nutritive elements, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide were relatively short and sulfur’s content was abundant. About the other beneficial and trace nutri-tive elements, iron oxide, manganese, molybdenum and boron were deficient, but the content of chlorine was high, hardly lack. The main barriers to improving land productivity were soil salinization and soil heavy metal contamination. The values of soil integrated fertility index that most of the soil in the study area is middle-lower fertilized. Specifical y, the low fertility area and lower fertility area are 6 1604 and 1 244 km2 respectively, occupying about 97.43% and 1.97% of the total area. The moderate fertility soil has an area of 172 km2, occupying about 0.27% of the total area. The higher fertility soil covers an area of 128 km2, while the high fertility area of only 76 km2. This article proposed scientific fertilization, elimination of soil obsta-cle, remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil and other effective measures to improve land productivity according to the basic investigation results, which provides a good technological support for the planning and development of good-quality and high-benefit agriculture.