优质高产苹果园结构参数及生理指标研究

为了研究优质高产苹果树的环境参数和生理指标，以幼龄和成龄2个果园为研究对象，采用田间系统调查和室内测定分析的方法对优质高产苹果园树体结构参数、群体结构参数及一些生理指标进行了研究。结果表明：优质高产园树高在260~290 cm之间，主枝角度70°~75°，枝类比例顺序为叶丛枝＞短枝＞中枝＞长枝＞发育枝，且叶丛枝比例在50%以上；果园覆盖率75%~94%，行间和株间的交接率较小；成龄高产园总枝量达到1.04×106条/hm2，幼龄果园枝量在8.79×105条/hm2；其叶片较厚，叶绿素含量较高，SPAD值达58.22；光合作用较强，净光合速率17.48~21.8μmolCO2/（m2·s）；抽生果苔副梢比例高，分别为81%和75%。

Structure Parameters and Physiological Indices Research of High-quality and High-yield Apple Orchards

In order to research environment parameters and physiological indices of high-quality and high-yield apple trees, two orchards with young and mature apples trees were investigated to explore structural parameter of apple tree and community, and some physiological indices in fields and by room measurements. The results showed that tree height of high-quality orchard was in the range of 260 to 290 cm, branch angle in 70°-75°, and orchard coverage rate in 75%-94%, and the connec-tion rates between rows and trees were lower. Furthermore, the total branches of mature orchard reached 1.04 ×106 per hm2, while the young orchard was 8.79 ×105 per hm2; the leaves were thick and chlorophyl content was high, with SPAD value at 58.22. Additional y, the photosynthesis of the orchard was strong, and net photo-synthetic rate was 17.48-21.8 μmolCO2/（m2·s）. The proportions of lateral shoot of bearing part were 81% and 75% respectively.