转基因棉花的研发现状与发展策略

国内外转基因棉花的研发主要集中于抗虫、耐除草剂、抗病、纤维改良、抗旱和耐盐碱等性状，但只有抗虫、耐除草剂棉花注册应用。自1996年商业化种植以来，年种植面积逐年上升，到2010年全世界转基因棉花的种植面积已达2 100万hm2。转基因棉花的大规模种植，对有效控制棉花害虫与杂草的发生为害发挥了重要作用，显著降低了生产成本，提高了棉花产量。本文综述了国内外转基因棉花的研发动态及其商业化进程，并结合我国棉花产业发展需求，提出了我国转基因棉花的发展对策。

Current progress in research and development of transgenic cotton and a strategic prospect for China

Transgenic cotton with insect resistance, herbicide tolerance, disease resistance, yield and quality improvement of fiber and drought resistance as well as salt tolerance, has been researched in many countries in recent years. Commercial areas of insect resistant and herbicide tolerant cottons had reached 21.0 million hectares globally in 2010, with a remarkable increase since 1996, the first year of transgenic cotton planting. The pest management tactics associated 〖JP2〗with insect resistant cotton planting have resulted in a drastic reduction in both insecticide use and suppression of cotton insect pests. Adoption of herbicide tolerant cotton has played an important role in weed control.〖JP〗 Here, we review current progress in research and development of transgenic cotton, the process of commercial use of transgenic cotton, and make a discussion on development strategy of transgenic cotton in China.