影响核桃嫁接成活因子分析

采用完全随机化试验和单因素统计分析的方法研究了不同嫁接时期、不同接穗品质以及关键嫁接技术对子苗嫁接成活率及新梢生长的影响,测定和分析了芽接生理生化指标,得出以下结论：（1）在四川简阳地区,子苗嫁接时期以出苗后70d为宜,成活率可达在75.8%,新梢可伸长达7.41cm,新梢增粗达0.541cm。（2）适于子苗嫁接的接穗应选择健壮充实的枝条中部,接穗粗度以0.9～1.2cm为宜,接穗削面长度在2.3～2.7cm为宜,成活率可达75.0%以上,新梢伸长量达6.2cm,新梢增粗量达0.599cm。（3）4月下旬对嫁接核桃苗叶面喷施圣农素、施丰乐、磷酸二氢钾等肥料均有明显的促长效果,供试肥料中以圣农素的综合效果最好,25d新梢伸长1.19cm,新梢增粗0.1cm。（4）砧木含水量、单宁含量对核桃嫁接成活影响不大,而可溶性糖、蛋白质及多酚氧化酶活性是影响成活的主要因素。

Factors Affecting the Survival of Grafting Walnut

The effect of different grafting time, various qualities of scions and key grafting techniques on survival rate of grated walnut trees and new shoots were studied by means of random experiment design and single--factor statistic method. Bio--chemieal indices of grafting were determined. The re- sult showed that： i）the grafting time was 70 d after the seedlings sprouting which makes the survival rate reaching over 75.8% and new shoots growth of 7.41 cm and thickness of 0. 541 cm; ii）the scions were selected from the middle of healthy branches at the thickness of 0.9-1.2 cm, the cutting slope at a length of 2.3-2.7 cm, which makes the survival rate reach 75.0% , new shoot growth of 6.2 cm and new shoot thickness 0. 599 cm; iii）leaf fertilizers like ShengNongSu,ShiFengle and KDP were ap- plied in the later of April, which makes the new shoot growth of 1.19 cm and thickness of 0.1 cm just in 25 d; iv） water content and tannin content in the root stocks had little effect on the survival rate of grafting while soluble sugar, protein and polyphenol oxidase activities were the major factors affecting the survival rate of grafting.