辽西半干旱区秋后覆膜保墒对翌年春玉米生长发育的影响

针对辽西半干旱地区春旱严重、降雨资源年内分布不均的气候特点,在秋收后、霜冻之前进行灭茬覆膜处理,试验对旱地雨水资源跨时间调节。翌年春季土壤含水量、玉米生长状况及产量的试验结果表明,秋覆膜处理的耕层土壤含水量比未覆膜处理高出60%,播种15d后玉米出苗率达到85%,抽穗期玉米株高比未覆膜处理高33cm、径粗增加0.42cm,秋收时玉米穗重比未覆膜处理提高了49.62%。研究表明,春墒秋保、跨时间调控农田水分状况是北方干旱半干旱地区有效的农业节水措施。

Effect of plastic mulching in previous autumn for moisture conservation on growth and yield of spring maize in semiarid region of western Liaoning Province

Aiming at the climate feature of severe spring drought and seasonal rainfall maldistribution, a field experiment was conducted in the semiarid region of western Liaoning Province. The results showed that the treatment of stubble and plastic mulching in previous autumn could regulate the rainwater resource effectively. Soil water content with plastic mulching was 60% higher than that of non-mulching; the seedling emergence ratio with mulching reached 85% averagely in 15 days after seeding; plant height and stem diameter of maize with mulching were respectively 33cm and 0. 42cm higher than those of non-plastic mulching at heading stage; the yield of maize with mulching was raising by 49. 62%. It can be concluded that to conserve the rainwater in previous autumn for the adjustment of soil moisture in spring is an effective water-saving measure in arid and semiarid region of north China.