茅苍术林下种植模式对土壤养分及其根茎品质的影响

【目的】筛选适宜于茅苍术生长的林药种植模式，为茅苍术林下优质高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以1年生茅苍术为材料，研究茅苍术单作、茅苍术||栀子和茅苍术||罗汉松3种种植模式对土壤养分含量、茅苍术单株根茎产量及根茎中挥发油和苍术素含量的影响。【结果】与单作相比，茅苍术||栀子、茅苍术||罗汉松处理显著降低0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤有机质和有效磷含量（P<0.05，下同）；茅苍术||栀子处理不同土层的土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量均显著高于单作，茅苍术||罗汉松处理的碱解氮含量显著低于单作。在根茎产量和品质方面，与单作相比，茅苍术||栀子和茅苍术||罗汉松处理显著提高茅苍术单株根茎干重41.75%和205.17%，且茅苍术||罗汉松处理根茎挥发油和苍术素含量显著高于茅苍术||栀子处理221.83%和33.69%。【结论】相对于茅苍术单作，茅苍术与罗汉松复合种植可降低土壤养分含量，形成一定程度的营养胁迫逆境效应，有利于茅苍术根茎增产提质，是一种较适宜的林药种植模式。

Effects of forest-medicinal plants intercropping patterns on soil nutrient contents and rhizome quality of Atractylodes lancea(Thunb.) DC.

【Objective】 To build an appropriate compound planting patterns of Atractylodes lancea(Thunb.) DC. with different medicinal plants so as to provide theoretical basis for good quality and high yield of A. lancea in forest.【Method】 Annual A. lancea was selected as the research object, the soil nutrient content, rhizome yield per plant, the contents of essential oil and rhizoma atractylodis in A. lancea rhizome of A. lancea monoculture(CK), intercropping of A. lancea || Gardenia jasminoides(CZ) and A. lancea || Podocarpus macrophyllus(CL) were studied.【Result】 Compared with CK, the contents of soil organic matter and available phosphorus in the 0-20 cm layer and 20-40 cm layer of the CZ and CL treatments were significantly decreased(P<0.05, the same below). In terms of content of alkali hydrolysis nitrogen and available potassium in the 0-20 cm layer and 20-40 cm layer, the CZ treatment had a significantly higher content, and the CL treatment had a lower content compared with those of the CK treatment. In terms of rhizome yield and quality, the CL and CZ treatments significantly improved rhizome yield per plant by 41.75% and 205.17% compared with those of CK, and the contents of essential oil and rhizoma atractylodis of the CL treatment were higher than those of the CZ treatment by 221.83% and 33.69%.【Conclusion】 Compared with monoculture, A. lancea intercropping with P. macrophyllus can reduce the soil nutrient content, form certain nutrition stress, and benefit the high yield and good quality of A. lancea. Therefore, it is proved to be a suitable cultivation pattern.