间作模式农田小气候效应对棉花生理生态指标的影响

【目的】研究间作模式下农田小气候对棉花生理生态指标的影响。【方法】采用大田试验和盆栽试验,分析和测定不同种植模式下棉花冠气温湿度及生理指标。【结果】间作棉花受间作枣树的影响,使植物蒸腾和土壤蒸发水分在近地表层滞留时间延长,提高了冠层湿度15.07%,延缓夜间冠气温度的散失。相对湿度的提高,促使间作棉花的株高提升26.61%,叶面积指数提高19.42%,全生育期叶片净光合速率提高10.25%。间作盆栽棉花的株高、叶面积指数和净光合速率分别提升21.37%、14.02%、12.55%,差幅微小于大田试验。【结论】间作模式改变了农田小气候中的相对湿度,提升棉花生理指标,较单作模式、间作棉花产量提高约20%左右。

Effects of Field Microclimate on Physiological and Ecological Indexes of Cotton under Intercropping Mode

【Objective】 To explore the effects of farmland microclimate on cotton physiological index under intercropping mode.【Method】 In this project, the canopy temperature, the canopy humidity and physiological indexes of cotton under different planting modes were analyzed and measured by field experiment and pot experiment.【Result】 The results showed that the retention time of plant transpiration and soil evaporation water in the near-earth surface layer of intercropping cotton was prolonged, the canopy humidity was increased by 15.07%. The decline of the canopy air temperature was delayed at night. With the increase of relative humidity, the plant height, leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate of intercropping cotton were increased 26.61%, 19.42% and 10.25% respectively. The plant height, leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate of intercropped cotton were increased by 21.37%, 14.02% and 12.55% respectively when the underground competition was ignored. The variation amplitude was slightly smaller than that of the field experiments.【Conclusion】 Intercropping mode mainly changed the relative humidity of farmland microclimate and improved the physiological index of cotton, which laid a good foundation for high yield. Compared with monoculture, the yield of intercropping cotton increased about 20%.