云南地区月季灰霉菌致病力及抗药性鉴定

【目的】明确云南地区月季灰霉菌的致病力及对不同杀菌剂的抗药性，为生产上月季灰霉病的有效防控提供指导。【方法】采用单孢分离法从云南15个月季切花主产区灰霉病株上分离月季灰霉菌株，将灰霉菌株孢子悬浮液无创伤接种于月季品种粉红雪山完整花瓣上，通过测量花瓣病斑面积大小鉴定不同灰霉菌株的致病力；将灰霉菌株菌丝块接种于添加有不同杀菌剂的PSA培养基中，通过计算菌丝生长抑制率（抑菌率）鉴定月季灰霉菌对甲基硫菌灵、腐霉利、啶菌恶唑、吡唑醚菌酯、啶酰菌胺、嘧菌环胺和吡噻菌胺7种不同类型杀菌剂的抗药性。【结果】从云南地区15个月季主产区采集的灰霉病株中分离获得141株灰霉菌株，根据月季灰霉病田间症状、菌株形态特征及显微特征判定属于葡萄孢属（Botrytis spp.）真菌。不同灰霉菌株致病力差异明显，病斑面积为3.10~781.50 mm2，未检测到完全不致病的灰霉菌株，弱致病力灰霉菌株较少。来自不同切花产区的灰霉菌株致病力差异不明显。月季灰霉菌株对不同杀菌剂的敏感性为:啶菌恶唑（吡啶恶唑啉类）>吡唑醚菌酯（甲氧基丙烯酸酯类）>嘧菌环胺（苯胺嘧啶类）>啶酰菌胺（烟酰胺类）>腐霉利（二甲酰亚胺类）>吡噻菌胺（酰胺类）>甲基硫菌灵（苯并咪唑类），其中啶菌恶唑、吡唑醚菌酯和嘧菌环胺对灰霉菌的抑制效果最好，抑菌率分别为95.49%、85.78%和77.70%；啶酰菌胺和腐霉利的效果次之，抑菌率为69.73%和64.37%；甲基硫菌灵和吡噻菌胺的效果最差，抑菌率仅为44.36%和56.16%。【结论】云南地区不同月季灰霉菌的致病力差异明显，月季灰霉菌株的致病力与菌株采集地区无关。啶菌恶唑、吡唑醚菌酯和嘧菌环胺可作为目前云南地区月季切花生产中灰霉病防治的主要药剂。

Identification of pathogenicity and fungicide resistance of Botrytis cinerea on rose in Yunnan

【Objective】 Identified the pathogenicity and fungicide resistance of Botrytis cinerea strains from cut roses in Yunnan,and provided the basis for effective prevention and control of B. cinerea in rose production.【Method】 Strains of B. cinerea were isolated from 15 main rose cut flower producing areas in Yunnan by single spore isolation method. The spore suspension was inoculated on the complete petals of rose cultivar Pink Snow Mountain non-invasively. The pathogenicity of different strains of B. cinerea was identified by measuring the area of petal lesion. The mycelium was inoculated in PSA medium with different fungicides to control B. cinerea. Through the calculation of mycelial growth inhibition rate(antibacterial rate),the resistance of B. cinerea to thiophanate methyl,procymidone,dinitroxazole,pyrazoxystrobin,picrylamide,azoxycycline and pyrthifenamide was identified.【Result】 A total of 141 isolates collected from 15 main rose producing areas in Yunnan were determined to be Botrytis spp. according to the field symptoms,morphological characteristics and microcharacteristics of cut rose. There were obvious differences in pathogenicity among different strains of B. cinerea,with the lesion area of 3.10-781.50 mm2. No completely non-pathogenic strains were detected,and a few weak pathogenic strains were detected. There was no obvious difference in the pathogenicity of B.cinerea strains from different cut flower producing areas. The sensitivity of B. cinerea to seven main fungicides for controlling B. cinerea were as follows:pyridoxazole(pyridoxazoline)>pyrazoxystrobin(methoxyacrylate)>pyrimethanil(anilinopyrimidine)>pichianilamide(nicotinamide)>procymidone(diformylimine)>pyrthiazolamide(amide)>thiophanate methyl(benzimidazole). Inhibition effects of pyridoxazole,pyrazoxystrobin and pyrimethanil were the best,the inhibition rates of mycelium growth were 95.49%,85.78% and 77.70% respectively. Followed by pichianilamide and procymidone,the inhibition rates of mycelium growth were 69.73% and 64.37% respectively. The inhibition effects of pyrthiazolamide and thiophanate methyl were the worst,the inhibition rates of mycelium growth were 44.36% and 56.16% respectively.【Conclusion】 The pathogenic difference B. cinerea strains on cut rose in Yunnan is obvious. The pathogenicity of B. cinerea on cut rose in Yunnan is not related to the place where the strain was collected. Pichiazole,pyrazoxystrobin and pyrimethanil can be used as the main fungicides to control Botrytis cinerea in cut rose production in Yunnan.