放牧与舍饲条件下夏洛莱牛肠道微生物多样性及差异分析

【目的】采用高通量测序技术研究放牧与舍饲条件下夏洛莱牛肠道微生物多样性及差异。【方法】选取新疆塔城地区健康的舍饲夏洛莱牛(CB组)和放牧夏洛莱牛(CG组)各5头,分别采集CB、CG组每头夏洛莱牛的直肠粪便,提取微生物总DNA,通过Illumina HiSeq 测序技术,分析10个粪便样品的菌落结构及多样性。【结果】所有样本共检测出1 089个OTUs(CB:1 044、CG:1 087),归属于12门24纲33目57科170属的细菌。在门水平,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门在2组中均为优势菌门,其次为疣微菌门、放线菌、广古菌门和变形菌门,在科水平的优势菌依次为瘤胃球菌科、理研菌科、毛螺菌科、消化链球菌科、普雷沃氏菌科、克里斯滕森菌科、拟杆菌科等;其中CB组中拟杆菌门、拟杆菌纲、拟杆菌目、理研菌科、消化链球菌科丰度显著高于CG组(P<0.05),CG组中厚壁菌门、瘤胃球菌科的丰度显著高于CB组(P<0.05)。【结论】舍饲夏洛莱牛和放牧夏洛莱牛肠道微生物结构与组成存在显著性差异,放牧夏洛莱牛肠道微生物具有更强的纤维消化的能力。

Differences of the Intestinal Microbial Flora Diversity and Composition of Barn Feeding and Grazing Charolais

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to compare the structure and composition of intestinal microbiome of barn feeding and grazing Charolais by using Illumina HiSeq sequencing technology.【Method】 A total 10 Charolais were used as experimental animals, among them, 5 barn feeding Charolais as CB group and 5 grazing Charolais as CG group. Rectal stool from each Charolais of CB and CG was collected and then total genomic DNA was extracted from the stools. Bacterial diversity and community structure of the samples were analyzed via high throughput sequencing technology Illumina HiSeq.【Result】 A total of 1,089 OTUs (CB: 1,044; CG: 1,087) were obtained and all OTUs were classified into 12 phylum, 24 class, 33 order, 57 family and 170 genus. Among them Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria shared by the two groups, followed by Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Euryarchaeota and Proteobacteria; At the family level, the dominant bacteria were Ruminococcaceae, Rikenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, Christensenellaceae and Bacteroidaceae. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidia, Bacteroidales, Rikenellaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and Paeniclostridium from CB group was significantly higher than that from CG (P<0.05), the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Ruminococcaceae from CG group was significantly higher than that from CB (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 These results indicate that there are significant differences about structure and composition of intestinal microbiome of barn feeding and grazing Charolais, and grazing Charolais have higher coarse fibre digestion ability.