精准畦灌过程实时反馈控制技术

为了研究一种以关口时间为控制参数的地面灌溉实时反馈控制方法,构建了以灌溉信息实时采集与传输设备为支撑条件、以计算机处理系统为核心基础、以灌溉水流控制设备为应用条件的精准畦灌过程实时反馈控制系统.灌溉信息实时采集与传输设备自行研发的田间水流水位检测装置和无线信息接收管理装置,解决了灌溉信息容易漏测、接收距离短以及野外供电等难题;计算机处理系统根据实时采集的灌溉信息借助灌溉模型估算土壤特性参数值,预测灌溉过程,并根据选取的灌溉控制目标生成优化控制方案;最后由灌溉水流控制设备进行田间闸阀开闭.系统在北京、河北、新疆等地的试验基地进行了应用,结果表明:精准畦灌过程实时反馈控制系统对于加强畦灌过程可控性,提高畦灌田间灌溉效率,促进灌溉农业由经验型的粗放式管理向计算机控制的集约型管理转变具有十分重要的理论意义和现实意义.

Real-time feedback control technology for precise furrow irrigation

A real-time feedback control system for precise furrow irrigation was constructed by taking gate time as a control variable.In the system,real-time data acquisition and transmission equipment for irrigation information served as the support conditions,computer processing system was the core foundation,and irrigation water flow control device was the application conditions.Among them,the real-time data acquisition and transmission equipment included the team self-developed water level detecting device and wireless receiving information management device.Especially,a few difficult problems,such as easily missed irrigation information test,short receiving distance and field power supply,were solved with IP addressing,relay jump of wireless communication module,circuit optimization and internet technology.Based on the real-time irrigation information,the computer processing system can estimate the soil property parameters and predict the irrigation process,and decide the optimal control scheme according to an irrigation control target.Finally,the irrigation water flow control equipment was tested in field by controlling gate valve opening and closing in Beijing,Hebei and Xinjiang regions,etc.The results show that the precise real-time feedback control system proposed has very important theoretical and practical significance to strengthen the controllability of the furrow irrigation process,improve the irrigation efficiency of the irrigation,and promote the transition of irrigated agriculture from empirical extensive management to computer-controlled intensive management to realize the sustainable development.