红曲霉对干酪成熟过程中理化性质、微观结构及风味物质的影响

以牛乳为原料，红曲霉为辅助发酵剂，制备霉菌成熟干酪，并对红曲霉干酪的理化性质、游离氨基酸、微观结构及挥发性风味物质进行研究。结果表明：使用红曲霉作为辅助发酵剂加工的干酪得率16.55%、蛋白质含量18.03%、脂肪含量33.40%、钙含量376.67 mg/100 g、水分含量44.47%、盐含量863.67 mg/100 g；在成熟过程中，pH值呈先下降后上升再逐渐稳定的趋势；由微观结构可知，红曲霉对成熟干酪内部结构影响显著；通过高效液相色谱法及气相色谱-质谱联用法，共鉴定出23 种游离氨基酸及32 种挥发性化合物，与对照组相比，在成熟期结束时，实验组干酪中的游离氨基酸含量显著提高，平均增加58.8 倍，挥发性化合物的种类与含量也存在显著变化。

Effects of Monascus on Physicochemical Properties,Microstructure and Flavor Compounds of Cheese during Ripening

Mold-ripened cheese was prepared using a commercial starter culture combined with Monascus, and its physicochemical properties, free amino acids, microstructure and volatile flavor substances were evaluated. The results showed that the yield of cheese was 16.55%, and the protein, fat, calcium, water, and salt contents of the cheese were 18.03%, 33.40%, 376.67 mg/100 g, 44.47%, and 863.67 mg/100 g, respectively. During the ripening process, pH value first decreased, then increased and finally leveled off. The microstructure indicated that Monascus had a significant effect on the internal structure of mature cheese. A total of 23 free amino acids and 32 volatile compounds were identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). At the end of the ripening period (21 days), the content of free amino acids in mold-ripened cheese was increased by an average of 58.8 times over the beginning of ripening, and the types and contents of volatile compounds also changed significantly.