自然教育组织合法性行动策略分析——以英国森林学校为例

包括自然教育机构在内的各类社会组织是国家环境治理体系中的重要组成部分，但其治理能效的发挥需要获得合法性认同。从合法性理论的视角来看，组织可以采取适应性、选择性和操纵性3种策略，从而获取实效合法性、道德合法性和认知合法性。文中以英国森林学校为例，运用资料分析和访谈的方法，对自然教育组织合法性行动策略进行分析。研究表明，英国森林学校主要采取了扩大利益共同体获取实效合法性、满足社会期待获取道德合法性、提高专业化水平获取认知合法性的行动策略，确立了自身的合法性地位并得到迅速发展。其经验可为我国各类自然教育组织乃至教育社会组织制定发展策略提供借鉴。

Action Strategies of Nature Education Organization for Legitimacy Acquisition: An Analysis of British Forest Schools

Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), including nature education organizations (NEOs), are an important part of the national environmental governance system, but whether they can exert the full governance ability and efficiency will depend on its legitimacy recognition. From the perspective of legitimacy theory, NEOs can adopt three strategies (adaptive strategy, selective strategy and manipulative strategy) to obtain pragmatic legitimacy, moral legitimacy and cognitive legitimacy. This paper takes British forest schools to analyze the NEOs' strategies of legitimacy acquisition using the methods of document analysis and interviews. The study illustrates that the British forest schools have mainly adopted the action strategies such as expanding the community of interests to obtain effective legitimacy, satisfying the social expectation to obtain moral legitimacy, and improving the professional level to obtain cognitive legitimacy, thus establishing its own legitimacy status for rapid development. Their experience could provide valuable lessons for various nature education organizations and even educational social organizations in China to develop their development strategies.