四川地区鲜食蒜苗品种采后品质分析与评价

【目的】分析四川大蒜地方品种蒜苗采后品质特性,为鲜食蒜苗优良品种选育和消费选择提供参考依据。【方法】对9个四川大蒜地方品种蒜苗的采后外观形态(单株重、株高、假茎长、假茎粗、叶宽)和内在品质(叶片含水率、维生素C、粗纤维、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、叶绿素、游离氨基酸、蒜氨酸)13项指标进行测定分析,运用相关分析研究测试指标间的潜在相关性,通过聚类分析进行品种品质分类,并采用隶属函数分析依据7个品质性状表现进行品种的综合排序。【结果】供试品种13项测试指标的变异系数为0.71%~34.75%,除叶片含水率和维生素C外,其余11项指标变异系数均大于10.00%。地方品种广元蒜和商品种川蒜1号单株重分别达89.97和91.98 g,显著高于其他品种(P<0.05,下同);雷波蒜和中天狗牙蒜品种的蒜氨酸含量较高,分别为19.52和21.03 mg/g。单株重、假茎粗和叶宽3项指标之间及株高与假茎长间均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),株高与假茎粗呈显著正相关,叶宽与可溶性蛋白呈极显著负相关,单株重与可溶性蛋白呈显著负相关。对品质性状聚类分析表明,所有品种分为高产型和品质型两大类,分别包括2个和7个品种;对蒜苗叶片7项内在品质指标进行隶属函数分析排序,江油大蒜、软叶大蒜和朝阳大蒜3个品种综合营养品质表现更突出。【结论】9个四川地方大蒜品种间品质差异显著,2个高产品种(广元蒜和川蒜1号)和3个综合品质较优品种(江油大蒜、软叶大蒜和朝阳大蒜)可作为特色资源在生产中推广。

Analysis and evaluation of postharvest quality of fresh garlic seedling varieties in Sichuan area

【Objective】To analyze the quality characteristics of local garlic seedling varieties in Sichuan after harvest,and provide reference basis for breeding and consumption selection of excellent varieties of fresh garlic seedlings.【Method】Thirteen indexes including appearance morphological indicators(single plant weight,plant height,pseudostem length,pseudostem diameter,leaf width) and intrinsic quality indicators(leaf moisture content,vitamin C,crude fiber,solubility protein,soluble sugar,chlorophyll,free amino acids and alliin) were tested and analyzed for postharvest garlic seedlings of nine Sichuan local garlic seedling varieties. The potential correlation between test indexes with correlation analysis was discussed. With cluster analysis,the quality of the varieties was classified. The comprehensive quality of garlic seedling varieties was ranked according to the 7 intrinsic quality characters of the samples by subordinate function analysis.【Result】Statistical analysis showed that the coefficient of variation of 13 tested indexes among varieties was 0.71%-34.75%. Except for leaf moisture content and vitamin C,the coefficients of variation of the other 11 indexes were greater than 10.00%. Local varieties Guangyuan garlic and Chuan No. 1 garlic had the highest single plant weight,up to 89.97 and 91.98 g respectively,which were significantly higher than others(P<0.05,the same below) ;the content of allicin in Leibo garlic and Zhongtiangouya garlic was the highest,up to 19.52 and 21.03 mg/g. There were extremely positive correlation among the three indexes of single plant weigh,pseudostem diameter and leaf width,as well asbetween plant height and pseudostem length(P<0.01,the same below). Plant height and pseudostem diameter were significantly positively correlated. And leaf width and soluble protein content were extremely significantly negatively correlated,plant weight and soluble protein were significantly negatively correlated. The cluster analysis of quality characters showed that all varieties were divided into high-yield varieties and quality varieties,including 2 and 7 varieties respectively. Membership functions were performed on the 7 intrinsic quality indicators of garlic seedling leaves. According to the analysis and ranking,the comprehensive nutritional quality of Jiangyou garlic,Ruanye garlic and Chaoyang garlic varieties was more prominent.【Conclusion】There are significant quality differences among 9 local garlic seedling varieties in Sichuan. Two high-yield varieties(Guangyuan garlic and Chuan No. 1 garlic) and three better quality varieties(Jiangyou garlic,Ruanye garlic and Chaoyang garlic) can be popularized and applied in production as characteristic resources.