晋西黄土高原矿区生态系统服务福祉效应研究

目的]探究矿区生态系统服务变化及居民福祉效应，对该地区生态保护与高质量发展具有重要意义。方法]以黄土高原三川河流域为例，通过问卷调查法分析居民感知近十年生态系统服务的变化趋势，多种数理统计方法识别不同社会经济特征受访者对生态系统服务福祉效应的认知差异，并且揭示影响居民福祉的关键因素。结果](1)居民感知整体生态系统服务下降类型为木材供给、净化空气、水源供给和粮食供给，增加类型为水源涵养、美学景观、休闲娱乐、灾害调节和水土保持；(2)生态系统服务福祉效应与受访居民社会经济特征紧密相连。不同社会经济特征受访者福祉水平不同且存在显著差异，另外Kruskal-Wallis检验和多重比较显示居民性别、年龄、收入来源和文化程度方面与生态系统服务福祉效应显著相关(p<0.05)且各组间有显著差异；(3)冗余分析显示供给服务和收入是影响居民福祉的主要生态系统服务类型和关键因子。结论]建议政府制定全方位生态经济发展政策，重点关注供给服务的变化，统筹多项生态系统服务类型协调发展，同时探索多渠道收入来源，助力矿区生态系统服务福祉效应长效发展。

Research on Well-Being Effect of Ecosystem Services in Mining Area of Western Shanxi Loess Plateau

Objective] Exploring changes in ecosystem services in mining area and effect on residents' well-being is of great significance for ecological protection and high-quality development in the region. Methods] Taking the Sanchuan River Basin of the Loess Plateau as an example, we used questionnaire survey method to analyze the change trend of residents' perception of ecosystem services in the past ten years, and used a variety of mathematical statistical methods to identify the differences in the perceptions of respondents with different socioeconomic characteristics on the well-being effect of ecosystem services, and to uncover key factors affecting residents' well-being. Results] Residents perceived that the decline types in overall ecosystem services were wood supply, air purification, water supply and food supply, and the increase types were water conservation, aesthetic landscape, leisure and entertainment, disaster regulation and water and soil conservation. The well-being effect of ecosystem services was closely related to the socioeconomic characteristics of the interviewed residents. The well-being levels of respondents with different socioeconomic characteristics were significantly different. In addition, Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparisons showed that residents' gender, age, income source and education level were significantly related to the well-being effect of ecosystem services(p<0.05), and there were significant differences among groups. Redundancy analysis showed that supply services and income were the main types of ecosystem services and key factors that affected residents' well-being. Conclusion] It is recommended that the government formulates a comprehensive ecological economic development policy, focuses on changes in supply services, coordinates the coordinated development of multiple types of ecosystem services, and explores multiple sources of income to help the long-term development of ecosystem services in the mining area.