广西百色生姜根际土壤丛枝菌根真菌资源调查

【目的】调查广西百色生姜根际土壤丛枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhizae，AM）真菌与生姜的共生情况及其与根际土壤因子的关系，为筛选对广西生姜有促生及防病效果的菌株及推动AM真菌在生姜生产上的应用提供理论依据。【方法】于2020年7月在广西百色生姜种植区采集5份生姜根际土壤样品和根系样品，测定土壤理化性质、菌根侵染率和AM真菌孢子密度，并对AM真菌孢子进行形态学鉴定，研究AM真菌的定殖特性及物种多样性。【结果】不同采样点的土壤理化性质差异明显，土壤pH为4.95~6.37，土壤全氮、速效磷、有机质和交换性镁含量分别为0.175%~0.327%、8.5~95.0 mg/kg、25.1~40.0 g/kg和0.51~3.61 cmol/kg。不同采样点的生姜根系均有AM真菌定殖，定殖率在3.23%~29.06%。5个采样点共分离鉴定出AM真菌8属13种，包括无梗囊霉属（Acaulospora）3种、球囊霉属（Glomus）2种、根内球囊霉（Rhizophagus）3种、类球囊霉属（Paraglomus）1种及未知种属4种。优势种Rhizophagus mosseae在5个生姜采样点的土壤中均有分布。AM真菌孢子密度为44~288个/20 g干土。相关分析结果表明，根系内AM真菌定殖率与土壤有机质含量呈极显著正相关（R=0.501，P<0.01），孢子密度与土壤速效磷含量呈显著正相关（R=0.603，P<0.05）。【结论】不同采样点生姜根际土壤具有较丰富的AM真菌资源，AM真菌物种多样性差异明显，新植生姜地块的AM真菌孢子密度大于连作生姜地块，土壤有机质和速效磷含量是影响生姜根际AM真菌群落组成和分布的主要土壤因子。

Resources of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in ginger rhizosphere soil of Baise,Guangxi

【Objective】 Symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi in the rhizosphere soil of ginger in Baise, Guangxi and ginger and the physical and chemical character differences in rhizosphere soil were investigated to provide reference for the exploration of effective strains which could promote the growth of ginger and control disease in Guangxi and the application of AM fungi in ginger production.【Method】 In July, 2020, soil samples and root samples were collected from five ginger rhizosphere soils in Baise, Guangxi. The physical and chemical properties of soil were determined, the mycorrhizal colonization rate and AM fungal spore density were determined. The morphological identification of AM fungal spores was carried out to study the colonization characteristics and species diversity of AM fungi.【Result】 There were obvious differences in soil physical and chemical properties between different points. Soil pH at different points was 4.95-6.37. Soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, organic matter and exchangeable magnesium contents were 0.175%- 0.327%, 8.5-95.0 mg/kg, 25.1-40.0 g/kg and 0.51-3.61 cmol/kg, respectively. All ginger in different sampling sites were infected by AM fungi. The colonization rate of AM fungi on ginger was 3.23%-29.06%. A total of 13 species belonging to 8 genera of AM fungi were isolated and identified from the 5 sampling points, including 3 species of Acaulospora, 2 species of Glomus, 3 species of Rhizophagus, 1 species of Paraglomus and 4 species of unknown genera were identified in the soil samples. The dominant species Rhizophagus mosseae was distributed in the soil of five ginger sampling sites. The number of spores was 44-288 spores/20 g dry soil. The correlation analysis results showed that the colonization rate of AM fungi in roots was extremely significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter content(R=0.501, P<0.01), and soil spore density was significantly positively correlated with soil available phosphorus content(R=0.603, P<0.05).【Conclusion】 There are abundant AM fungal resources in rhizosphere soil of ginger at different sampling points, and the diversity of AM fungal species is different. The spore density of AM fungi in newly planted ginger plot is higher than that in continuous cropping ginger plot. Soil organic matter and available phosphorus content are the main soil factors affecting the composition and distribution of AM fungal community in rhizosphere soil of ginger.