亲自然教育理念对开展儿童户外活动的启示——基于大自然缺失症的思考

“大自然缺失症”目前已经成为一种阻碍儿童健康成长的新的社会现象，根本原因在于儿童参加户外活动的机会缺失或时长不足。相关调查结果显示，长期处于大自然缺失状态下的儿童会出现异常行为，甚至会产生身体和心理疾病。文中阐述亲自然教育的理念及其意义、分析我国儿童大自然缺失症的主要表现与后果，提出亲自然教育理念对开展儿童户外活动的启示。为确保儿童身心健康发展，家、园、社三方应开展有质量的儿童户外活动，以亲自然教育理念为指导，家长应树立科学的教育理念，积极鼓励儿童开展户外活动；幼儿园应构建新型培养模式，开发亲自然教育课程；社会力量可协同创建知识环境，践行有质量的亲自然教育活动。研究可为幼儿园、教师、家长、社会教育工作者提供亲自然教育方法论的借鉴，以便其能够运用科学的亲自然教育方式，弥补儿童的自然缺失，使得儿童能够在可触、可闻、可感的自然环境中获得身心放松和精神滋养，从而降低儿童在身体、心理和精神方面的发病率，进一步培养儿童的生态文明观念。

The Enlightenment of Pro-nature Education Concept on the Organization of Children's Outdoor Activities: Based on the Thought on Nature-Deficit Disorder

Nature-deficit disorder has become a new social phenomenon that hinders the healthy growth of children. The fundamental reason behind the disorder is that children lack of opportunities or sufficient time to take outdoor activities. According to relevant surveys, children who have been long disconnected from nature will develop physical and mental illnesses and even abnormal behaviors. The paper elaborates on the concept and significance of pro-nature education, analyzes the main manifestations and consequences of children's nature deficit disorder in China, and proposes the enlightenment of pro-nature education concept on children's participation in outdoor activities.In order to ensure the physical and mental health of children, families, kindergartens and communities should implement quality outdoor activities for children. Guided by the pro-nature education concept, parents should establish a science-based education concept and encourage children to actively participate in outdoor activities; kindergartens should set up a new training model and develop pro-nature education curriculum; and communities should collaborate to create a knowledge environment and practice high-quality pro-nature educational activities. This research would provide references for kindergarten, teachers, parents and social education workers in terms of the methodology of pro-nature education so that they can use the scientific pro-nature education methods to remedy the nature deficit state of children, and make children capable to touch, smell and feel the natural environment for physical relaxation and mental nourishment. As a result, the connection with nature will reduce children's incidence rate of physical, mental, and spiritual disease, and further cultivate children's concept of ecological civilization.