异质生境下大旗瓣凤仙花种群特征与生长状况

【目的】了解大旗瓣凤仙花野生种群生长状况和花部特征，以及异质生境对其种群特征和生长的影响，为大旗瓣凤仙花野生资源生长状况评价及保护提供理论参考。【方法】在桂林市阳朔县选择18个大旗瓣凤仙花野生种群作为调查对象，详细调查记录其种群规模、生境基本参数，株高、冠幅、分枝数等植株性状，以及花色、花大小、花量等开花性状，共14个量化指标，结合种群土壤养分含量及不同种群的生境类型和干扰情况，分析异质生境下大旗瓣凤仙花种群生长状况。【结果】 18个大旗瓣凤仙花种群规模表现出很大差异，种群数量为20~10000株以上、面积3~10000 m2以上，生境中郁闭度和土层深度也各不相同；不同种群植株高度、冠幅和分枝数差异明显，最大值分别为最小值的3.23、3.13和7.50倍；就开花特征而言，花量差异可达10倍以上，花朵长、花朵宽 （旗瓣宽）、花纵深和翼瓣宽等均在少数种群间表现出显著差异，最大值比最小值分别高出43.67%、 27.73%、 26.62%和25.96%；不同种群土壤养分含量差异较大，主要归因于人类活动。聚类分析显示18个种群中11个综合生长状况良好，以种群11最佳， 7个种群生长状况较差，以种群17最差，较好、较差种群在生境类型的优劣上体现出对应关系。人为干扰对于大旗瓣凤仙花种群生长具有影响，但未发现明显规律性。【结论】异质生境下大旗瓣凤仙花不同种群间株高、冠幅、分枝数和开花数量差异较大，上述4个指标是影响种群延续性的重要参数；大旗瓣凤仙花对土壤要求不高，土壤不是影响大旗瓣凤仙花种群生长差异的首要因素；种群11整体表现最好，可作为优异种质资源进一步开发利用。

Population characteristics and growth status of Impatiens macrovexilla in heterogeneous habitats

【Objective】 The growth status，flower characteristics and population characteristics of wild population of Impatiens macrovexilla in heterogeneous habitats were investigated with the aim of providing a theoretical references for the growth status evaluation and protection of wild I.macrovexilla.【Method】A total of 18 wild populations of I.macrovexilla in Yangshuo County，Guilin were selected as investigation objects and their population size，basic habitat parameters，plant characteristics such as plant height，crown width and number of branches，and flowering characteristics such as flower color，size and quantity.A total of 14 quantitative indexes were recorded in detail to analyze the growth of I.macrovexilla in heterogeneous habitats in combination with soil nutrient content，habitat types and the interference of different species.【Result】The size of the 18 populations of I.macrovexilla varied greatly，with the number of populations ranging from 20 to >10000 plants and the area from 3 to >10000 m2.Canopy density and soil depth in the habitats also differed.The plant height，crown width and branch number of different populations varied significantly，with the maximum being 3.23，3.13 and 7.50 times of the minimum，respectively.In terms of flowering characteristics，the differences in flower quantity could be more than 10 times，and flower length，flower width (flag petal width)，flower depth and wing petal width were significantly different among a few populations，with their maximum values 43.67%，27.73%，26.62% and 25.96% higher than their minimum values，respectively.The soil nutrient contents among different populations varied greatly，mainly due to human activities.Cluster analysis revealed that 11 out of the 18 populations possessed good comprehensive growth conditions，with Population 11 being the best and Population 17 the worst.The growth status much depended on habitat types.It was noted that human disturbance had effect on that growth of I.macrovexilla populations，but no obvious regularity was identified.【Conclusion】The plant height，crown width，number of branches and number of flowering are important parameters affecting population continuity and vary greatly among different populations of I.macrovexilla in heterogeneous habitats.As I.macrovexilla does not have high requirements on soil，this is not a primary factor affecting growth in I.macrovexilla populations.Population 11 exhibits the best overall performance and can be selected as an excellent germplasm resource for further development.