特色紫甜玉米自交系选育高营养水果型杂交玉米的应用研究

【目的】通过紫色糯玉米（花青素型）与白色甜玉米（超甜糯型）杂交，选育出营养丰富的水果型玉米，以满足越南乃至世界对高营养水果型玉米的市场需求，也为水果型玉米的杂交选育提供参考。【方法】将4个紫色糯玉米品系（♀）与白色甜玉米（♂）进行杂交后再回交，通过形态标记（籽粒皱缩且颜色为深紫色）从BC2F1代中共筛选出20个品系，再经5代连续自交获得80个自交系（UV01~UV80），从中选择20个优良自交系。利用Line×Tester模型将20个优良自交系与2个测试种［黄色甜玉米自交系SW1（TI）和白色甜玉米自交系D181（T2）］进行测配，获得40个杂交组合（TH01~TH40），通过随机区组设计在越南河内田间开展种植试验，以SW1011和Fancy111为对照品种。【结果】 TH08、TH17、TH18、TH27、TH31和TH35等6个杂交组合的平均产量较高，为13.4~14.4 t/ha，与对照品种SW1011无显著差异（P>0.05），说明这些杂交组合具有较高的商业潜力； UV03、UV07、UV08、UV10、UV12、UV16、UV18、UV42、UV71等9个品系的锤度>16.0%、果皮薄<60.0 μm、花青素含量>100.0 mg/100 g，属于超甜紫甜玉米品系。UV10、UV24、UV40、UV46和UV71等5个品系在商品产量方面具有较高的一般配合力（GCA），UV12和UV16品系在甜度指数方面具有较高的GCA，UV35、UV36、UV38、UV46和UV73等5个品系在花青素含量方面具有较高的GCA。【结论】 UV10和UV12在产量和品质方面均具有较高的GCA，为2个营养丰富的水果型超甜紫甜玉米品系，可在越南及其他适用地区推广种植。

Application analysis of novel purple sweet corn inbred line development for hybrid nutrient-rich fruit corn breeding

【Objective】To combine super sweet corn phenotype and anthocyanins pigment to breed nutrient-rich hybrid fruit corn for Vietnam market.【Method】Sweet purple corn inbred lines were bred from backcross between purple waxy corn and white sweet corn from the spring of 2015. Twenty lines in the BC₂F₁ generation were bred via morphological markers selection(maize with dark purple and shrunken kernel). From the Spring, 2016 to Autumn-Winter, 2019, after evaluation, 80 inbred lines were obtained through selfing over five generations. Twenty elite inbred lines were selected and tested in Spring of 2020 under the Line×Tester mating design to produce 40 topcross hybrids. The field experiment laid out in RCBD with 3 replicates in Autumn-Winter, 2020, Hanoi, Vietnam.【Result】The result in the Autumn-Winter, 2020 season showed that 6 hybrids viz., TH08, TH17, TH18, TH27, TH31, and TH35 had high yield, with a range of 13.4-14.4 t/ha, without significant difference(P>0.05) found in the yield between these hybrids and check variety SW1011, suggesting the commercial potential of these sweet purple corn varieties. Nine lines, UV03, UV07, UV08, UV10, UV12, UV16, UV18, UV42 and UV71 with Brix sweetness index(BRIX) >16%, pericarp thickness(PER) <60.0 μm, anthocyanin content(AN) >100 mg/100 g could be classified as super sweet purple sweet corn lines. General combining ability (GCA) analysis conducted under Line×Tester model had identified:5 lines including UV10, UV24, UV40, UV46, UV71 had high GCA regarding marketable yield;two lines, UV12, and UV16 had high GCA on BRIX and 5 lines, UV35, UV36, UV38, UV46 and UV73, had a high GCA on AN.【Conclusion】The UV10 and UV12 lines are super sweet purple sweet corn lines that have high GCA for marketable yield and quality, respectively. These sweet purple corn inbred lines are essential in hybrid nutrient-rich fruit corn breeding programs.