流域水文循环过程与机制的模型研究及进展

以坡地为研究对象,回顾了流域水文循环的研究进展;揭示了水文循环的影响因素及水文循环的物理机制;总结了在水文循环领域模型开发的研究成果;介绍了分布式水文模型及其数学建模的研究进展,并给出了目前建立分布式水文模型时存在的主要问题.最后指出,随着气候变化和人类活动等影响的加剧,一方面要加强对水文过程的物理机制的研究,另一方面开发有物理基础的分布式水文模型,这是今后流域水文循环研究的重点.

Review of the Studies and Progresses of Hydrological Circle and Mechanisms in River Basins

This paper reviews our current conceptual understanding about the basic processes and mechanisms of hydrological cycle and various mathematical models used to describe these processes.Components about the hill-slope hydrological processes are also discussed.Hill slopes are a kind of basic units in a river basin.So the progresses,such as rainfall interception,evapotranspiration,infiltration,interflow and overflow in hill-slope hydrological cycle,are reviewed. The affecting factors,mechanisms and mathematical models of various processes in hydrological cycle are described.It is pointed out that the demands to hydrology models are increased in predicting the hydrological effects of land cover changes by human activities together with the natural evolution on river basin scale.The new progresses about hydrological modeling in river basins are summarized.Then the progresses about distributed hydrological modeling are discussed.While developing and applying a distributed hydrological model,three main problems including the complexity of the model,scales and calibration of parameters must be considered.With the more and more serious problems due to the climate change and human activities,the studies on both the mechanisms of hydrological cycle and development of physically based distributed hydrological models which are important in researching hydrological cycle should be highlighted.The new progresses in remote sensing(RS) technology,Geographic Information Systems(GIS) and computer science since recent decades will make a vast amount of spatially distributed data processing and distributed hydrological modeling possible.