大豆种子劣变与提高种子发芽率方法研究

1990-1992年间分别选用不同地理来源,在熟期、百粒重等方面有一定差异的春大豆品种共18个在长沙春、秋两季播种研究种子劣变及其影响因素,采用不同贮存条件和方法及渗调技术研究,贮藏效果和寻求提高大豆种子发芽率的方法。结果表明:大豆种子劣变品种间、不同播季间存在显著差异,收获前种子劣变在整个种子劣变中起主导作用,高温高湿气候是主要原因。收获后种子劣变主要为高温高湿加速生理生化变化所致,低温干燥贮藏能延缓种子劣变,改进贮存方法也可减轻劣变。种子自然回潮、聚乙二醇处理及固体渗调处理均显著提高大豆种子发芽率,其中,回潮6—7天和固体渗调技术可大面积生产应用。

Studies on Soybean Seed Deterioration and Improving Germination

A total of 18 soybean cultivars of South and Northeast origin, which there were differences in maturity, seed size traits etc., was grown with Spring and Autumn planting to determinate seed deterioration and its causes in Changsha in 1990-1992, and storage effects of different storage conditions and methods, and new techniques to improve seed germination were also investigated. The results showed that there were differences of pre-and post-harvest seed deterioration among cultivars and between planting sensons, and pre-harvest deterioration played a leading role and was primarily caused by physiological factors of higher temperature and higher moist conditions, not relevant to pathogen infection. post-harvest deterioration mainly caused by adverse storage conditions (higher temperature and RH) could be decelerated by using dry and lower temperature storage. The new techniques to improve germination included soybean seed autoabsorbed moist in air, 20% PEG treatment and matnconditioning, especially seed auto-absorbed moist and matriconditioning had very significant effects on improving germination and should be practiced.