秸秆覆盖对土壤理化性状、微生物及生态环境的影响

研究表明，相对秸秆焚烧，秸秆还田不但可以减少大气污染，更重要的是秸秆还田可以有效调节土壤水、肥、气、热，提高土壤孔隙度、提高水分渗透率、增加土壤水稳性团聚体含量、提高土壤有机质、提高土壤有效养分（N、P、K等）、提高土壤微生物生物量、增强各种土壤酶的活性，同时还可以有效降低各种重金属对土壤的污染；从经济效益来讲，还可以提高作物的产量。总之，秸秆还田可以使生态、社会和经济效益显著提高，是农业持续发展的有效措施和途径之一。

Effect of straw mulching on soil physical and chemical properties , soil microorganism and environment

Previous studies had showed that straw mulching treatment can reduce the atmosphere pollution compare to burning straw. But the most important effect of it is that it can efficiently accommodate soil water, fertility, soil atmosphere and heat. It can also incerase soil porosity, soil water permeability, the content of water stable aggregate, soil organic matter, soil available nutrient, the soil microbial biomass and enhance the activity of soil enzyme. Meanwhile, straw mulching treatment can decrease the contamination of speciese heavy metal to soil. Considering the economic benefit, mulching straw can also improve crop yields. In conclusion, mulching straw which is one of the efficient measures of the agricultural sustainable development can improve ecological, social and economical benefits.