多叶玉米主要性状杂种优势及配合力分析

以多叶材料的6个自交系为材料，采用不完全双列杂交法配制了15个杂交组合（只包括F1的正交），分析了多叶玉米主要性状的配合力、平均优势及相关性。结果表明：（1）对6个自交系和杂种一的株型、产量及品质性状进行方差分析，差异极显著，表明多叶玉米是受基因型的遗传基础控制的。（2）一般配合力效应的分析结果表明，同一组合不同性状之间的配合力效应都有差异，自交系Y53在农艺性状、品质性状和产量上都表现出较大的效应，说明其遗传传递性较强；而自交系P175、P19、P85、J7-3和M7的各个效应值大多是负向的，说明由其组配的后代在各个性状上有下降的趋势。（3）对15个组合的主要性状进行相关分析，生物学产量与株高、穗位高与粗纤维含量之间呈极显著的正相关，株高与穗位高、株高与粗纤维含量、穗位高与粗淀粉含量、百粒重和粗淀粉含量之间呈显著的正相关，其余性状的平均优势间的相关系数均不显著。（4）通过配合力分析及杂种优势的研究，从6个核遗传背景不同的多叶玉米自交系中初步筛选出一个高产、优质的组合，即Y53×P175，这个组合对选育青饲、青贮型玉米提供了新的种质。

Study on Heterosis and Combining Ability for Major Characters of Leafy Maize

Using the incomplete diallel cross, 6 inbred lines and 15 hybrids, all of which were from 6 groups leafy maize, were conducted as materials to analyze the combining abilities, average heterosis and correlation of their main characters .The results were as follows. （ 1 ） The differences of plant types, yields and qualities among the parents and F1 were very remarkable. They indicated that the leafy character was controlled by the hereditary of the genotypes. （2） Analysis of GCA effects showed that the combining ability effect values of the different characters existing in the same combination were different. The inbred line Y53 of 11 leaves above the ear showed good effects relatively in agricultural characters, quality characters and yield. Similarly, the effects of other inbred lines, such as P175, P19, P85, J7-3 and My. were negative mostly. These meant that the generation crossed by them could be weakened on each character. （3） The relativity analysis of the main characters of 15 combinations showed that the plant-height and the biological yield, the ear-height and the crude fibre were extremely remarkable, and the plant-height and the ear-height, the plant-height and the crude fibre, the ear-height and the crude starch, the 100-grain weight and the crude starch showed remarkable differences, and there was no remarkable relativity among the other characters. （4） By the study on their combining abilities and heterosis, the combination Y53 × P175 was obtained from 6 leafy maize series with different hereditary backgrounds, which had the high-yield, high-quality characters elementarily. This combination can also be used as a new variety of silage maize, and can promote the livestock to develop better and faster.