首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
     


Potential for eradication of the exotic plant pathogens Phytophthora kernoviae and Phytophthora ramorum during composting
Authors:J. Blackburn  G. Thorp  A. Dobrovin‐Pennington  S. Pietravalle  G. Kerins  T. R. Allnutt  C. M. Henry
Affiliation:1. Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK;2. University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF
Abstract:Temperature and exposure time effects on Phytophthora kernoviae and Phytophthora ramorum viability were examined in flasks of compost and in a large‐scale composting system containing plant waste. Cellophane, rhododendron leaf and peat‐based inoculum of P. kernoviae and P. ramorum isolates were used in flasks; naturally infected leaves were inserted into a large‐scale system. Exposures of 5 and 10 days respectively at a mean temperature of 35°C in flask and large‐scale composts reduced P. kernoviae and P. ramorum inocula to below detection limits using semi‐selective culturing. Although P. ramorum was undetectable after a 1‐day exposure of inoculum to compost at 40°C in flasks, it survived on leaves exposed to a mean temperature of 40·9°C for 5 days in a large‐scale composting system. No survival of P. ramorum was detected after exposure of infected leaves for 5 days to a mean temperature of ≥41·9°C (32·8°C for P. kernoviae) or for 10 days at ≥31·8°C (25·9°C for Phytophthora pseudosyringae on infected bilberry stems) in large‐scale systems. Fitted survival probabilities of P. ramorum on infected leaves exposed in a large‐scale system for 5 days at 45°C or for 10 days at 35°C were <3%, for an average initial infection level of leaves of 59·2%. RNA quantification to measure viability was shown to be unreliable in environments that favour RNA preservation: high levels of ITS1 RNA were recovered from P. kernoviae‐ and P. ramorum‐infected leaves exposed to composting plant wastes at >53°C, when all culture results were negative.
Keywords:Phytophthora pseudosyringae  Rhododendron ponticum  temperature  Vaccinium myrtillus
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号