北京地区葡萄三种主要栽培方式的叶幕微气候和植物水分关系的研究

对北京地区三种主要葡萄栽培方式的叶幕微气候和植物水分关系进行了分析研究，指出单篱架栽培方式整个叶幕叶片受光平均水平较高，叶片和果粒平均温度、单叶蒸腾速率亦较高；然而叶面积指数较小，造成单位土地面积上叶幕光能总截留量和总蒸腾量的降低。双篱架栽培方式叶幕微气候条件和叶片水分生理活性次于单篱架，但叶面积指数较大，叶幕外表受光面较大和叶幕总蒸腾水平较高。棚架栽培方式的叶面积指数居中，叶幕微气候条件平均水平次于单、双篱架，叶片的水分生理活性较小。对三种栽培方式的生产性能及其改良途径作了讨论。

STUDIES OF THREE PRINCIPAL TRAINING SYSTEMS OF GRAPEVINE ON CANOPY MICROCLIMATE AND WATER RELATIONS IN BEIJING AREA

The experiment, carried out with three principal training systems of grapevine in Beijing area: simple hedge-shape (H), double hedge-shape (Sh) and little Percola trellis (P), shows that the H system has a higher level of leaf radiation (PAR) capture, thermal conditions at the leaf and grape-berry area and transpiration rate of leaves, but it has a lower PAR capture level and transpiration rate of canopy because of its smaller foliar index. It is therefore considered that the H sytem possesses a better quality potential but a smaller quantity capacity of the production of grapes or wines. The Sh system shows a lower level of canopy microclimate and leaf transpiration activites than those of the H system; but it possesses a greater quantity capacity of production with a lower quality potential, which is due to the greater foliar index, canopy surface exposing to sunlight and a higher transpiration rate of canopy. The P system has a medium foliar index, a lower level of canopy microclimate and leaf transpiration activites than those of H and Sh systems, therefore some mediocre property of production has occurred. The ways of improvement of these three training systems have been discussed.