水土流失社会经济因素作用机制分析

<正>严格地讲,在一定的相对稳定的地质时期内,水土流失受控于两种外力的作用,即涉及气候、地貌、植被、土壤等自然因素的外营力和人类活动.实际上,人类活动并不像地表径流等外营力那样直接参与侵蚀过程的发生,但人类活动的结果使水土流失过程发生了改变,使自然侵蚀过程大大加速.研究表明,在现代地质和气候未发生显著变化的情况下,人为活动特别是人为作用造成的天然植被的破坏是黄土高原现代水土流失加剧的根本原因;黄土高原土壤侵蚀的速率已由唐代以前7.9%的自然侵蚀速率上升到今天的25%.50年代我国的水土流失面积为153万km~2,1992年公布的遥感技术普查结果是水蚀面积179.4万km~2,40年来已治理53万km~2.也就是说,若不考虑其他原因,40年来以人类活动为主要原因的水蚀面积扩大了79万km~2.因此,人类不合理的社会经济行为是现代加速侵蚀的主导因素.

Analysis of Effect Mechanism of Social and Economic Factors on Soil Loss

In a relative stable geologic period, soil loss is controlled by two external forces: one is the physical force related to climate , landform, vegetation, soil etc. , and another is human activities concerned with social and economic factors. Irrational human activities are main factors leading to modern accelerated soil erosion. In many social and economic factors, sharp increase in population, policy faults, backwardness of agricultural production way and technique, exploitation of resources and essential construction without protection are basic elements resulting to aggravation of soil loss in China.