氢气代谢及其环境生物修复功能研究进展

分子氢是多种微生物代谢之间相互作用的关键中介物，环境中产氢微生物和耗氢微生物的活动决定了全球氢气循环，对其他重要元素生物地球化学循环具有潜在的驱动作用。环境功能微生物在维持环境生态系统平衡、消除次生环境污染等领域中扮演着不容忽视的重要作用。因此，理解环境中氢气代谢（氢气的产生和消耗）微生物对生态环境的影响及其在环境生物修复中的作用与功能，对认识氢气的生态环境效应并将该生物能源应用于生物修复具有重要的科学意义和实践价值。系统分析了氢气代谢过程及氢化酶的分类和功能，总结了微生物产生和消耗氢气的多种途径及其对土壤生态环境效应和生物修复作用的影响，指出了目前氢气代谢过程及氢化酶应用于环境生物修复领域存在的关键科学技术问题，提出了未来的研究思路与重点方向，以推动氢气这种生物能源成就一种有前景的环境污染修复策略。

Recent Advances in Hydrogen Metabolism and Its Environmental Bioremediation Function

Molecular hydrogen is a key intermediary in the metabolic interactions of a wide variety of microorganisms. The activities of hydrogen-producing and hydrogen-consuming microorganisms in the environment determine the global hydrogen cycle, which has a potential driving effect on the biogeochemical cycle of other important elements. Environmental functional microorganisms play an important role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems and eliminating secondary pollution. Therefore, understanding the impact of hydrogen metabolizing (production and consumption of hydrogen) microorganisms on the ecological environment and its role and function in environmental bioremediation has vital significance and practical value for understanding the ecological and environmental effects of hydrogen and its application to bioremediation. This paper systematically analyzed the hydrogen metabolism process and the classification and function of hydrogenase, summarized the various ways of hydrogen production and consumption by microorganisms and their effects on soil ecological environment and bioremediation. The scientific and technical challenges existing in current hydrogen metabolism processes and the application of hydrogenase in environmental bioremediation were summarized. Besides, it was also proposed research ideas and key directions in this field to promote hydrogen as a bioenergy since it has become a promising strategy for environmental pollution remediation.