新疆杂交粳稻研究与创新

新疆农科院粮作所从1995年开始进行“BT”型不育系、恢复系的探索,现拥有高代不育材料30套,低代86套;高代恢复材料73份,低代231份。新疆“野败”型杂交粳稻,2005年实现了三系配套。“野败”型不育材料克服了“BT型”、“滇型”所存在的高代自交结实缺陷,使杂交稻种子纯度更有保障。目前,新疆杂交稻研究已进入组合的配制及产量比较鉴定阶段,已由单一的常规育种转向常规与杂种优势利用相结合。以常规为基础促进杂种优势利用发展和创新。目前已经育成并掌握了新疆粳稻“滇型”不育系、保持系、恢复系的三系配套技术及原材料,解决了米质、产量及生育期的难关。所配制的杂交组合产量高、米质优,生育期适中。

Research on and Innovation in Hybrid Japonica Rice in Xinjiang

Scientists in Food Crop Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences have explored the BT Type sterile lines and restorer lines since 1995, and now the institute possesses 30 sets of advanced generation sterile materials, 86 sets of low generation sterile materials, 73 sets of advanced generation restorer materials, and 231 sets of low generation restorer materials. The institute made three lines of Xinjiang wild abortive japonica hybrid rice available in 2005. The wild abortive sterile material overcame the shortcomings of BT Type and Dian Type sterility materials in which the advanced generation plants could produce seeds when it was self-pollinated, therefore, the seed purity of hybrid rice was guaranteed. Up to date, the combination has been made and the yield assessed and the breeding strategy has transformed from conventional breeding to the combination of conventional breeding with heterosis utilization. Based on conventional breeding, the development and innovation of heterosis utilization was accelerated. The supplementary techniques of Xinjiang Dian Type japonica sterile line, restorer line and maintainer line were made available and the obstacles of quality, yield and growth period have been overcome. The combination was characterized with high yield, fine quality and mediate growth period.