高盐对缢蛏生长存活、Na+/K+-ATPase活性及能量代谢相关指标的影响

以缢蛏（Sinonovacula constricta）为研究对象，设置养殖周期为60 d的对照组（20）和高盐组（30）比较实验，分别在0、10、30和60 d进行取样，检测高盐对缢蛏生长存活、鳃组织Na+/K+-ATPase（NKA）活性及肝胰腺和血清能量代谢相关指标的影响。结果表明，高盐组缢蛏在30~60 d的养殖时间段内存活率为45.1%±2.9%，壳长、壳宽、壳高和体质量特定生长率分别为0.15%/d、0.17%/d、0.13%/d和0.61%/d，均显著低于对照组。各时间点高盐组NKA活性均显著低于对照组。10和60 d时对照组缢蛏肝胰腺己糖激酶（HK）活性显著高于高盐组，血清中葡萄糖（GLU）含量、乳酸（LA）含量和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性也显著高于高盐组，高盐组缢蛏无氧代谢水平低于对照组。30 d时高盐组血清中GLU含量、LA含量和LDH活性显著高于对照组，高盐组缢蛏无氧代谢水平高于对照组。0、10和30 d时高盐组肝胰腺琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）活性显著高于对照组，高盐胁迫下缢蛏需氧代谢水平上升。研究表明：长期高盐养殖下，缢蛏仍能保持一定的存活率和生长速度；高盐影响了缢蛏的渗透调节和能量代谢，渗透调节增加了其能量消耗。本研究为进一步培育缢蛏耐高盐新品系提供了参考资料。

Effects of high salinity on growth and survival, Na+/K+-ATPase activity and energy metabolism related indexes of razor clam Sinonovacula constricta

To understand the effects of high-salt on razor clam Sinonovacula constricta, the razor clams were cultured in salinity of 20 (control group) and 30 (experimental group) for 60 days. The growth and survival, Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity in gills, and indexes of energy metabolism in hepatopancreas and serum were measured at the time point of 0, 10, 30, and 60 d. The results showed that the survival rate of razor clam cultured in experimental group was 45.1%±2.9% in 30~60 d. The specific growth rate of shell length, shell width, shell height and body weight of razor clam cultured in experimental group were 0.15%/d, 0.17%/d, 0.13%/d and 0.61%/d respectively in 60 days, and all of these indexes were significantly lower than those in the control group. The NKA activity of experimental group was significantly lower than control group at the time point of 0, 10, 30, and 60 d. The activity of hexokinase (HK) in hepatopancreas of control group was significantly higher than experimental group at the time point of 10 and 60 d, the same with glucose (GLU), lactic acid (LA) content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in serum, which indicated that the anaerobic metabolism level of experimental group was lower than control group at those two time points. The GLU, LA content and LDH activity in serum of experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group at the time point 30 d, which indicated that the anaerobic metabolism level of experimental group was higher than control group at the time point 30 d. The succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in hepatopancreas of experimental group was significantly higher than control group at the time point 0, 10 and 30 d, which indicated that the level of aerobic metabolism of razor clam increased under high salt stress. In summary, razor clam can maintain a certain survival rate and growth rate under long-term high-salt culture. The osmotic adjustment and the energy metabolism of razor clam have been affected under high-salt, and the osmotic adjustment increased its energy consumption. This study provides reference materials for further cultivation of new high-salt-tolerant strains of razor clam.