美济礁附近海域3种金枪鱼肌肉成分检测与营养评价

为分析中国南海美济礁附近海域大目金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)、蓝鳍金枪鱼(T.thynnus)、黄鳍金枪鱼(T.albacares)的营养成分与营养价值,该研究采用国标法检测了3种金枪鱼的水分、蛋白质、灰分、脂肪酸和氨基酸成分及其结构,并进行营养评价。结果显示,3种金枪鱼中黄鳍金枪鱼蛋白质含量最高,蓝鳍金枪鱼脂肪和灰分含量最高;以氨基酸评分(AAS)和必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为评分标准,3种金枪鱼氨基酸评分均大于等于1;3种金枪鱼各种必需氨基酸构成均优于联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)/世界卫生组织(WHO)模式;蓝鳍金枪鱼的油酸含量远高于其他2种金枪鱼,且差异显著(P<0.05);蓝鳍金枪鱼的单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)种类最多且含量最高。结果表明,3种金枪鱼均具有较丰富的营养成分、较完美的营养比例和较高的营养价值;3种金枪鱼相比,黄鳍金枪鱼可提供更多的蛋白质,蓝鳍金枪鱼提供更多的不饱和脂肪酸。美济礁附近海域3种金枪鱼具有很高的开发价值,成分检测对研究设计这3种金枪鱼专用驯化养殖饲料有重要的参考价值。

Muscle composition determination and nutrition evaluation of three tuna species near Meiji Reef

In order to analyze and evaluate the muscle nutritional composition and value of bigeye tuna(Thunnus obesus),bluefin tuna(T.thynnus)and yellowfin tuna(T.albacares)near Mischief Reef,the South China Sea,we applied the national standard method to evaluate their water,protein,ash,fatty acid and amino acid composition.The results show that yellowfin tuna had the highest protein content,while bluefin tuna has the highest fat content and ash content.With amino acid score(AAS)and essential amino acid index(EAAI)as scoring criteria,the amino acid scores of three tuna species were greater than or equal to 1.The essential amino acid compositions of the three tuna species were better than FAO/WHO model.The oleic acid content of bluefin tuna was significantly higher than those of the other two species(P<0.05).Most mono-unsaturated fatty acid(MUFA)and poly-unsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)were detected in bluefin tuna with highest contents.It is indicated that all of the three tuna species had richer nutrients,higher nutritional ratio and value.Yellowfin tuna provided more protein,while bluefin tuna provided more unsaturated fatty acids.Thus,the bigeye tuna,bluefin tuna and yellowfin tuna near Mischief Reef have high development value,and the composition detection has important guiding significance for further research,design special domestication and breeding feed ingredients of these three tuna species.