皖北高粱田杂草种类及群落特征分析

为明确皖北高粱Sorghum bicolor田杂草发生现状, 于2020年-2021年采用倒置“W”九点取样法对皖北6市52个乡镇田间杂草进行了调查?结果表明, 皖北高粱田共有杂草36种, 属17科, 其中禾本科?菊科?苋科种类最多?优势杂草为稗Echinochloa crus-galli?马唐Digitaria sanguinalis?牛筋草Eleusine indica?狗尾草Setaria viridis等4种, 区域性优势杂草4种, 常见杂草13种, 一般杂草15种?阜阳市杂草的优势度指数最高, Berger-Parker指数为4.89, Simpson指数?Shannon-Wiener指数?Pielou指数均高于其他5市, 优势杂草以稗?马唐?牛筋草?狗尾草?反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus和苋Amaranthus tricolor为主; 亳州市杂草的优势度仅次于阜阳市, 以稗?马唐?牛筋草?狗尾草和铁苋菜Acalypha australis为主?淮北市杂草的丰富度指数最高, Margalef指数为3.16, 以稗?牛筋草?狗尾草?鸭跖草Commelina communis为主?此外, 青葙Celosia argentea?金色狗尾草Setaria pumila?马齿苋Portulaca oleracea?反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus及碎米莎草Cyperus iria等5种杂草在部分区域内优势度较高?经聚类分析, 皖北杂草群落分为两组, 阜阳?亳州及宿州3市的杂草聚为第1组, 淮南?淮北市及蚌埠3市的杂草聚为第2组?造成各地市杂草群落差异较大的原因与当地农田管理水平?用药习惯和种植制度等因素关系密切?

Analysis of weed species and community characteristics in sorghum fields in northern Anhui

In order to clarify the current situation of weeds in Sorghum bicolor fields in northern Anhui, the occurrence of the weeds in 52 towns of six cities, northern Anhui were investigated by using inverted W-shaped nine-point sampling method from 2020 to 2021. The results showed that there were 36 species of weeds in the sorghum fields in northern Anhui, which belonged to 17 families, and the most species belonged to Poaceae, Asteraceae and Amaranthaceae. The dominant weeds in sorghum fields were Echinochloa crus-galli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica and Setaria viridis. There were also four regional dominant weeds, 13 common weeds and 15 general weeds. The highest dominance index of weeds was found in Fuyang city, with a Berger-Parker index of 4.89, and the Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index were higher than those of weeds in other five cities, and the dominant weeds were E. crus-galli, D. sanguinalis, E. indica, S. viridis, Amaranthus retroflexus and A. tricolor. Followed by Bozhou city, where E. crus-galli, D. sanguinalis, E. indica, S. viridis, and Acalypha australis were the dominant weeds. The highest species richness was found in Huaibei city, with a Margalef index of 3.16, dominated by E. crus-galli, E. indica, S. viridis and Commelina communis. In addition, Celosia argentea, Setaria pumila, Portulaca oleracea, Amaranthus retroflexus and Cyperus iria had higher dominance in some areas. By cluster analysis, the weed communities in northern Anhui were divided into two groups, with Fuyang, Bozhou and Suzhou as the first group, and Huainan, Huaibei and Bengbu as the second group. The great differences in the weed communities in different cities may be closely related to the local farmland management level, herbicide application and cropping systems.