87种植物提取物抑菌活性初步研究

筛选和评价植物资源的抑菌活性是植物源农药研发的重要基础性工作?本研究以46科87种药用植物为试验材料, 以葡萄座腔菌Botryosphaeria dothidea和禾谷镰孢Fusarium graminearum为靶标菌, 采用生长速率法测定了不同植物乙醇提取物的抑菌活性, 初步筛选出具有抑菌活性的植物提取物; 在此基础上, 进一步测定了活性较高的植物提取物的抑菌毒力和抑菌谱, 以期为植物源杀菌剂的开发提供依据?结果显示, 在2 mg/mL浓度下, 厚朴Houpoea officinalis和麻叶蟛蜞菊Indocypraea montana提取物对葡萄座腔菌具有较好的抑菌活性, 抑制率分别为95.80%和78.31%; 厚朴?麦冬Ophiopogon japonicus和乌药Lindera aggregata提取物对禾谷镰孢具有较好的抑菌效果, 抑菌率分别为78.75%?66.52%和60.42%?进一步的毒力测定显示, 处理96 h后, 厚朴和麻叶蟛蜞菊提取物对葡萄座腔菌的EC50分别为0.10 mg/mL和1.57 mg/mL; 厚朴?乌药和麦冬提取物对禾谷镰孢的EC50分别为0.45?1.54 mg/mL和4.07 mg/mL?抑菌谱测定结果表明, 厚朴?麻叶蟛蜞菊?乌药及麦冬提取物对异旋孢腔菌Cochliobolus heterostrophus (野生型)的抑菌率以及厚朴提取物对异旋孢腔菌的抑菌效果较好, 抑菌率均达到90%以上; 厚朴?乌药和麻叶蟛蜞菊对拟轮枝镰孢Fusarium verticillioides的抑菌率在60%以上?由此可见, 厚朴和麻叶蟛蜞菊提取物对葡萄座腔菌突变体的抑菌活性较好; 厚朴?乌药和麦冬提取物对禾谷镰孢的抑菌活性较好, 且上述植物均具有较广的抑菌谱, 具有进一步研究价值?

Antifungal activity of extracts from 87 plant species

Screening and evaluation of antifungal activity of plant resources is an important basic work in the research and development of botanical pesticides. Antifungal activities of 87 plants extracts against Botryosphaeria dothidea and Fusarium graminearum were evaluated by the growth rate method, and antifungal toxicity and spectrum of active plant extracts were also determined. At the concentration of 2 mg/mL, the inhibition rates of Houpoea officinalis and Indocypraea montana extracts on B. dothidea were 95.80% and 78.31%, respectively, and those of H. officinalis, O. japonicus and Lindera aggregata extracts were 78.75%, 66.52% and 60.42%, respectively. After 96 h of treatment, the EC50 values of H. officinalis and I. montana extracts against B. dothidea were 0.10 mg/mL and 1.57 mg/mL, respectively, and those of H. officinalis, O. japonicus and L. aggregata against F. graminearum were 0.45 mg/mL, 1.54 mg/mL and 4.07 mg/mL, respectively. Antifungal spectrum analysis showed that the inhibition rates of H. officinalis, I. montana , L. aggregata, and O. japonicus extracts on wild type of Cochliobolus heterostrophus and H. officinalis extract on C. heterostrophus mutant were more than 90%, and those of H. officinalis, L. aggregata and I. montana extracts on F. graminearum exceeded 60%. The above results showed that extracts of H. officinalis and I. montana had high antifungal activity against B. dothidea , those of H. officinalis, O. japonicus, and L. aggregata had potent antifungal activity against F. graminearum, and both of them had broad spectrum, which have an important value for further study.