Ae显性突变体对玉米农艺性状及直链淀粉含量的影响分析

玉米直链淀粉是重要的食品和工业原料，高直链淀粉性状的产生受多种酶和基因-环境等因素的共同影响。玉米ae基因（amylose extender）突变导致子粒中直链淀粉含量增高、子粒表面皱缩、淀粉颗粒呈不规则形状、尺寸不均匀且表面基质蛋白增多，用于玉米育种后获得的品种直链淀粉含量升高，产量显著降低。通过将显性Ae突变体与16份优质玉米自交系杂交，对F₁代植株进行开花期、株型、产量性状调查，分析F₁代子粒总淀粉、直链淀粉的含量。结果表明，Ae突变体与不同的自交系杂交，F₁代直链淀粉含量及产量的变化存在明显差异，与基因型有密切关系，以Ae突变体和W16F41、CA240为亲本杂交，可显著提高直链淀粉含量同时产量变化最小。根据F₁代表现筛选直链淀粉含量提高、产量变化较小的双亲配制杂交种，可加速高直链淀粉玉米新品种培育进程。

Effect of Ae Dominant Mutant on Agronomic Traits and Amylose Content of Maize

Amylose of maize is an important food and industrial raw material, and the production of high amylose properties is affected by a combination of enzymatic and gene-environmental factors. The ae(amylose extender) mutation gene in maize resulted of increased amylose content in grains, surface shrinkage of grains, irregular shape and uneven size of the starch granule, and increased surface matrix protein. The amylose content increased but the yield decreased significantly after Ae being used in maize breeding. The dominant Ae mutant was hybridized with 16 high quality maize inbred lines to investigate the flowering time, plant type and yield trait of the F₁ generation plants. The total starch and amylose content of F₁ generation grains were further analyzed. The changes of amylose content and yield in the F₁ generation were significantly different because of the parental lines, which were closely related to genotypes. Among them, crossing the Ae mutant with W16A41 or CA240 can significantly improve amylose content with the smallest change in yield. Through this result, it speculates that we can select parent lines which hybrid has an improvement of amylose content and a relatively small effect on yield to accelerate the breeding process of high-amylose maize lines.