Effects of sub-lethal CO2(aq) concentrations on the performance of intensively reared gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) in brackish water: Flow-through experiments and full-scale RAS results |
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| Institution: | 1. Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan;2. Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;3. Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;4. Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan;5. Institute of Noto SATOUMI Education and Studies, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan;6. College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam;7. Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273-009, India;8. Department of Medical Hygiene, Kochi Gakuen College, Kochi 780-0955, Japan;9. Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-0827, Japan;1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;2. College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;1. Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Inje University, South Korea;2. Department of Information and Communication Systems, Inje University, South Korea;3. Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Dongseo University, South Korea;4. Department of Information Systems, City University of Hong Kong, China |
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| Abstract: | The effects of sub-lethal CO2(aq) concentrations were tested for the first time on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles (4–25 g; 64 growth days) and adult (～300–400 g; 71 d) fish, both in fully controlled pilot tests and the latter also as part of full-scale RAS (recirculating aquaculture system) operation. In the pilot experiments (concentration range 5.2–56.3 mg CO2/L) the specific growth rate, mortality rate, and physical fish disorders were monitored. In the full scale experiment, two groups of fish, originally from the same batch, were exposed for 197 d to controlled (by NaOH dosage) and uncontrolled pH conditions, resulting in exposure of the fish to significantly different CO2(aq) concentrations. The pilot results showed, as expected, that the seabream fish grew faster at the lower CO2 concentrations and that the growth rate of both juveniles and adult fish was only minimally inhibited up to roughly 20 mg CO2/L (compared to a previously published curve). Mortality rate was considerable only at the highest CO2 concentration (～56 mg CO2/L). Physical irregularities were not observed, apart from abnormally high absence of swim bladder at the highest CO2(aq) treatment. The (statistically significant) results from the full-scale RAS operation showed that growing gilthead seabream for 197 d at roughly constant and relatively low (～16 mg/L) CO2(aq) concentration resulted in fish with ～10% larger mean weight relative to the fish grown in ponds in which CO2(aq) was not controlled and its concentration fluctuated daily between 19 and 37 mg/L. |
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| Keywords: | Gilthead seabream Growth rate RAS Deformations |
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